What are the states of energy? List the Laws of Thermodynamics.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The laws of thermodynamics define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Explanation:

Answer 2

What are the states of energy? List the Laws of Thermodynamics.
Answer: The first law, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases.

Paragraph: Discuss the three laws of thermodynamics.
Key Points

The first law, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.
The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases.
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
Terms

absolute zeroThe lowest temperature that is theoretically possible.
entropyA thermodynamic property that is the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit of temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work.

System or Surroundings

In order to avoid confusion, scientists discuss thermodynamic values in reference to a system and its surroundings. Everything that is not a part of the system constitutes its surroundings. The system and surroundings are separated by a boundary. For example, if the system is one mole of a gas in a container, then the boundary is simply the inner wall of the container itself. Everything outside of the boundary is considered the surroundings, which would include the container itself.

The boundary must be clearly defined, so one can clearly say whether a given part of the world is in the system or in the surroundings. If matter is not able to pass across the boundary, then the system is said to be closed; otherwise, it is open. A closed system may still exchange energy with the surroundings unless the system is an isolated one, in which case neither matter nor energy can pass across the boundary.

A Thermodynamic SystemA diagram of a thermodynamic system
The First Law of Thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; energy can only be transferred or changed from one form to another. For example, turning on a light would seem to produce energy; however, it is electrical energy that is converted.

A way of expressing the first law of thermodynamics is that any change in the internal energy (∆E) of a system is given by the sum of the heat (q) that flows across its boundaries and the work (w) done on the system by the surroundings:

Δ
E
=
q
+
w
Δ
E
=
q
+
w

This law says that there are two kinds of processes, heat and work, that can lead to a change in the internal energy of a system. Since both heat and work can be measured and quantified, this is the same as saying that any change in the energy of a system must result in a corresponding change in the energy of the surroundings outside the system. In other words, energy cannot be created or destroyed. If heat flows into a system or the surroundings do work on it, the internal energy increases and the sign of q and w are positive. Conversely, heat flow out of the system or work done by the system (on the surroundings) will be at the expense of the internal energy, and q and w will therefore be negative.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium—the state of maximum entropy of the system. More simply put: the entropy of the universe (the ultimate isolated system) only increases and never decreases.

A simple way to think of the second law of thermodynamics is that a room, if not cleaned and tidied, will invariably become more messy and disorderly with time – regardless of how careful one is to keep it clean. When the room is cleaned, its entropy decreases, but the effort to clean it has resulted in an increase in entropy outside the room that exceeds the entropy lost.

The Third Law of Thermodynamics

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. The entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically zero, and in all cases is determined only by the number of different ground states it has. Specifically, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance (perfect order) at absolute zero temperature is zero. This statement holds true if the perfect crystal has only one state with minimum energy.

Related Questions

the membrane activity most nearly opposite to exocytosis is:

Answers

Answer:

endocytosis

Explanation:

Endocytosis is defined as the process of trapping a particle or even a substance from the external environment by the process of engulfing it. The flexibility of the cell membrane helps the cell to engulf the food and also other materials from the external environment. Such a process is called endocytosis whereas exocytosis is the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane and results in the discharge of vesicle content into the extracellular space

What protein facilitates transmission of nerve signals between neurons?

a. neurotransmitters
b. interneurons
c. axons
d. myelin

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I think neurotransmitters

Your friend says that every material can be classified as either good conductor or a good insulator. Is your friend correct? Write a sentence to explain why you agree or disagree?

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Answer:

Your friend is correct. Materials such as copper are good conductors, but poor insulators. However, rubber is a good insulator and a poor electrical and heat conductor.

which of the following is a tissue?
Bone
Collagen
Cytoplasm
Haemoglobin

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Answer:

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is a tissue

Answer:

c. cytoplasm

Explanation:

Which elements are essential for living organisms to survive? Check all that apply.

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Answer:

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur

Explanation:

Answer:

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most important elements. Small quantities of other elements are necessary for life. Carbon is the most abundant element in living matter.

Explanation:

hope this helps :)

the process of food molecules reacting with oxygen is known as what process

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Answer:

cellular respiration

Explanation:

its called cellular respiration

Do you think their ideas are enough to describe who a human person is? do you think there are other ways to describe the human person?

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Answer: yes

Explanation: a person has a meaning, a meaning to live a reason

What type of cells do humans have prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

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Answer:

Eukaryotic cells

Explanation:

Because a Eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and Prokaryotic cells DO NOT.

what's the difference between a pathogenic virus and a harmless one?

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Answer: Pathogenic viruses end up killing cells; harmless ones don’t.

Yw

According to the information on the periodic table, which of the following could represent element X?
A. Aluminum (Al)
B. Sodium (Na)
C. Chlorine (Cl)
D. Nitrogen (N)

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chlorine because it has 7 electrons on the outer shell

DNA ___________ is important because it ensures that when a cell divides, the two resulting cells have the same genetic code. Pleaseee help

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Answer: Replication

Explanation: When the cell is preparing to divide it will replicate its DNA so that both of the daughter cells will have a complete set of the DNA. It's like a book of instructions and the cell has to perfectly replicate it so that when it splits into two both of the new cells will have a perfectly made copy of it! Hope this helps :)

Can I get some help please.

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Answer:

1. 50% dominant

2. 50%

3. 0%

what substances are the reactants in photosynthesis

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Answer:

The reactants of photosynthesis are everything to the left of the "———>" arrow, thus the reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight energy.

The products of photosynthesis are everything to the right of the "———>" arrow, thus the products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen.

match the vocabulary word with the correct definition

reaction that needs oxygen

Monosaccharide used at the beginning big cellular respiration

useable cell energy

An organelle that produces ATP through cellular respiration

Reaction that does not need oxygen

VOCAB
1. Mitochondrion
2. ATP
3. Glucose
4. Aerobic
5. Anaerobic

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Answer:

1. mitochondrion to an ATP through cellular respiration

2. ATP to unseable cell energy

3. glucose to monosaccharide used at the beginning big cellular respiration

4. aerobic to reaction that needs oxygen

5. anaerobic to action that does not need oxygen

What happens during photosynthesis?
a. Autotrophs consume sugars
b. Autotrophs produce sugars
c. Heterotrophs produce ATP.
d. Heterotrophs consume ATP.

Answers

Answer:

Answer is option a. Autotrophs consume sugars

Explanation:

If you like my answer than please mark me brainliest thanks

The answer is: B - Autotrophs produce sugars.

The distortion (change in shape) of enzyme molecules which occurs at high temperatures is known as

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This is called denaturation. Proteins are denatured by heat.

The plasma membrane of the cell consists of

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Glycerol phospholipids

Answer:

phospholipid bilayer

Explanation:

this includes:

- head (hydrophilic)

- tail (hydrophobic)

<3 hope this helps!

most of the oxygen transported in the blood is in what form?

Answers

Answer:

Hemoglobin I think

Explanation:

Hemoglobin molecule change the shape/conformation...

chemicals in the body that transmit nerve impulses are:

Answers

they are called neurotransmitters

3. Hydrogen peroxide is used as an antiseptic to kill bacteria in cuts and abrasions. Many of these are catalase positive, yet they are still killed by the actions of hydrogen peroxide. Why does this occur

Answers

Answer: Hydrogen peroxide is used as an antiseptic to kill bacteria in cuts and abrasions. Many of these bacteria are catalase positive,

Explanation: that’s it

How does the sexual life cycle of the human species introduce genetic
variations? *
2 points
1. Random fertilization
II. Crossing over of alleles
III. Independent assortment of chromosomes
O I, II, and III
O I and II only
O I only
O I and III only

Answers

All of the above- 1, 2, and 3 These introduce variation into the chromosome or into the zygote and create cells and offspring unique from the parents.

The diagram shows structures that form the surface of the trachea.
Which level of organisation is the structure labelled S?
A. Cell
B. Organ C. Organ system
D. Tissue

Answers

A

Cell which is the structure that form surface of trachea

Answer:

which diagram

Explanation:

Please answer my question who loves Paddington Bear

Answers

Answer:I love paddington bear

Explanation:

What is the name given to the process by which a parent cell becomes two identical daughter cells?(1 point)

A. meiosis
B. differentiation
C. senescence
D. mitosis

Answers

Answer:

D. mitosis

Explanation:

Mitosis is the process whereby the parent cell divides into two daughter cells that are identical.

Mitosis is the process by which a parent cell becomes two identical daughter cells. So, the correct option is (D)

What is mitosis ?

Mitosis is the process in which cell duplication, or reproduction takes place. Wherein one parent cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis is the duplication and distribution of chromosomes which carries the genetic information.

It is an important process in single celled eukaryotes as it is the mode of asexual reproduction. The main function of Mitosis is to produce more cells.

Life starts with single cell in multicellular organism which is formed from two gametes. Mitosis takes place one cell is divided into two cells as this single celled multicellular organism only carries genetic information in the form of DNA but not enough cells. These two cells further divide mitotically into four cells, then into 8 , then 16 and then 32.

It is essential to life because it give rise to new cells for growth and replacement of dead cells. It may take few minutes or some hours, depending on the type of cells. It depends on time, temperature and chemicals.

Thus, mitosis is the process by which a parent cell becomes two identical daughter cells. So, the correct option is (D).

Learn more about mitosis, here:

https://brainly.com/question/26678449

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what is unique about HIV?

Answers

Answer:

HIV is called a retrovirus because it works in a back-to-front way. Unlike other viruses, retroviruses store their genetic information using RNA instead of DNA, meaning they need to 'make' DNA when they enter a human cell in order to make new copies of themselves.

Explanation:

If you push something out of someone’s hands, which law of motion is it?

Answers

Answer:

an applied force.

Explanation:

Put the following in correct order for endochondral ossification.

a. Mesenchymal cells of the embryo develop into cartilage-producing cells
b. The periosteum (formerly perichondrium) begins to produce a thin layer of compact bone
c. A hyaline cartilage model of the future bone is formed.
d. Cartilage is the midregion of the model becomes calcified.
e. Spongy bone tissue develops at the primary ossification center.
f. Secondary ossification centers produce spongy bone tissue of the epiphyses.
g. Medullary cavity is formed.

Answers

A. This is one of the only ways the bones are actually formed because it’s a feet away and so the cartilage and stuff gets formed first before the actual bone and ossification occurs that’s like last saw and I can explain each one if you’d like I just wanted to put it in correct order for you I hope it helps
G
C
D
E
F
B.

where does photolysis of water occur in photosynthesis

Answers

Answer:

Photolysis of water takes place in inner membrane of thylakoid.

Hope it helps u.

This part of photosynthesis occurs in the granum of a chloroplast where light is absorbed by chlorophyll; a type of photosynthetic pigment that converts the light to chemical energy. This reacts with water (H2O) and splits the oxygen and hydrogen molecules apart.

I hop this helps! :)

pls help this is due in monday this is a lot.....

Answers

Answer:

0 to around 35 shows that as the temperature increases the rate of enzyme activity also increases until a peak enzyme activity that occurs after 40 degrees this is enzymes optimum temperature. after this temperature enzyme activity decreases as the enzyme becomes denatured.

If the DNA sequence is ATC-CGA, what is the complementary mRNA nucleotide sequence?
A
TAU-UAT
B
UAG-GCU
C
TAG-GCT
D
GCG-CGT

ASAPP

Answers

It would be letter b

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