Costo, Inc. has 15-year annual coupon bonds outstanding with a coupon rate of 6%. The par value of each bond is $1,000. 4.71 percent the company's pretax cost of debt if the bonds are currently selling for $1,080. So the right option is 4.71 percent.
To calculate the company's pretax cost of debt, we need to use the formula for the yield to maturity (YTM) of a bond. The YTM represents the pretax return an investor would earn by holding the bond until maturity.
The formula to calculate YTM is:
Bond Price = (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM)^1) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM)^2) + ... + (Coupon Payment + Par Value / (1 + YTM)^n)
Where:
Bond Price = Current selling price of the bond
Coupon Payment = Annual coupon payment
YTM = Yield to maturity
n = Number of years until maturity
In this case, the bond has a 15-year maturity, a coupon rate of 6%, and a par value of $1,000. The current selling price of the bond is $1,080.
First, let's calculate the annual coupon payment:
Coupon Payment = Coupon Rate * Par Value = 0.06 * $1,000 = $60
Now we can plug the values into the YTM formula and solve for YTM:
$1,080 = ($60 / (1 + YTM)^1) + ($60 / (1 + YTM)^2) + ... + ($60 + $1,000 / (1 + YTM)^15)
Using financial calculators or spreadsheet software, we can find that the YTM is approximately 4.71%
Therefore, the company's pretax cost of debt is 4.71 percent.
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Winnebagel Corp. currently sells 36,852 motor homes per year at $41,232 each, and 17,574 luxury motor coaches per year at $91,586 each. The company wants to introduce a new portable camper to fill out its product line; it hopes to sell 20,834 of these campers per year at $22,969 each. An independent consultant has determined that if Winnebagel introduces the new campers, it should boost the sales of its existing motor homes by 2,439 units per year, and reduce the sales of its motor coaches by 1,943 units per year. What is the amount to use as the annual sales figure when evaluating this project?
The annual sales figure when evaluating this project will be $1,967,013,712, which is calculated as follows:Given,Winnebagel Corp. currently sells 36,852 motor homes per year at $41,232 each36,852 × $41,232 = $1,519,742,464and,17,574 luxury motor coaches per year at $91,586 each17,574 × $91,586 = $1,608,196,764
The company wants to introduce a new portable camper to fill out its product line; it hopes to sell 20,834 of these campers per year at $22,969 each20,834 × $22,969 = $478,074,046Total sales revenue before introducing a new camper =$1,519,742,464 + $1,608,196,764 = $3,127,939,228 Now, The sales of existing motorhomes after introducing new campers = 36,852 + 2,439 = 39,291.
The reduction in sales of motor coaches after introducing new campers = 17,574 - 1,943 = 15,631.The total revenue generated after the introduction of the new portable camper will be,$1,519,742,464 + $1,608,196,764 + $478,074,046= $3,606,013,274Now, we will calculate the revenue generated after the introduction of the new portable camper considering the sales boost in existing motorhomes and the reduction in sales of luxury motor coaches. Total revenue after introducing a new camper and considering the sales boost and reduction of existing motor homes and coaches would be $1,967,013,712 (approx). Therefore, the amount to use as the annual sales figure when evaluating this project is $1,967,013,712. The amount to use as the annual sales figure when evaluating this project is $1,967,013,712.
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The management of Vaughn Group is reevaluating the appropriateness of using its present inventory cost flow method. They request your help in determining the results of operations for 2020 if either t
The choice of inventory cost flow method can have significant implications for financial reporting and profitability. Vaughn Group should seek advice from an accountant or financial advisor to determine the most suitable method based on their specific circumstances and regulatory requirements.
Vaughn Group's inventoryVaughn Group is reconsidering its inventory cost flow method, which can impact the results of operations for 2020. The two common methods are FIFO and LIFO.
With FIFO (First-In, First-Out):
Oldest inventory items are assumed to be sold first.Cost of goods sold (COGS) is calculated by summing up the cost of the oldest inventory items sold.Ending inventory is valued based on the cost of the most recent inventory items.Gross profit, operating profit, and net profit are derived by subtracting expenses from revenue.With LIFO (Last-In, First-Out):
Most recent inventory items are assumed to be sold first.COGS is calculated by summing up the cost of the most recent inventory items sold.Ending inventory is valued based on the cost of the oldest inventory items.Gross profit, operating profit, and net profit are derived by subtracting expenses from revenue.Learn more on inventory cost flow method here https://brainly.com/question/28929779
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The complete question found is:
The management of Vaughn Inc. is reevaluating the appropriateness of using its present inventory cost flow method, which is average cost. The company requests your help on how to determine the results of operations for 2020 if either the FIFO or the LIFO method had been used.
Help me please.. there is no option on here for Human Resources principals, so I jus clicked business as the subject..
Answer:
educational background
Answer:
C. software expertise
Explanation:
Personality is a soft quality, religious affiliation should not be considered as a factor for HR purposes, while educational background can provide technical competencies, but isn't one by definition.
The ability to use software is a quintessential technical competency - someone is competent to use certain technology.
write a query to find all customers with a balance of more than $99 but less than $900. sort the results by customer balance (highest first)
To find all customers with a balance of more than $99 but less than $900, sorted by customer balance in descending order, you can use the following SQL query. Assuming you have a table named "Customers" with columns "CustomerID," "CustomerName," and "Balance":
SELECT CustomerID, CustomerName, Balance
FROM Customers
WHERE Balance > 99 AND Balance < 900
ORDER BY Balance DESC;
This query selects the desired columns from the "Customers" table, filters the results to include only customers with a balance greater than 99 and less than 900, and sorts the result by the balance column in descending order.
Make sure to replace "Customers" with the actual name of your table containing the customer information, and adjust the column names accordingly if they differ in your database schema.
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"The assignment should describe and evaluate the Apple company
current context and include an analysis of relevant issues
Q1 Overseas expansion – a) process of the firm’s expansion
Overseas expansion is a critical strategy for many multinational companies, including Apple. Apple's international expansion has been a key driver of its growth and success. When evaluating Apple's current context and its process of overseas expansion, several factors come into play.
Firstly, Apple's overseas expansion has been primarily focused on entering new markets and establishing a presence in countries with high growth potential. In recent years, Apple has made significant inroads into emerging markets such as China, India, and Brazil, recognizing the increasing purchasing power and growing middle-class populations in these regions.Apple's process of overseas expansion involves various key steps. One of the initial steps is conducting market research to identify target markets that align with Apple's growth objectives.
Once the target markets are identified, Apple typically establishes partnerships with local distributors or retailers to facilitate market entry. These partnerships provide Apple with local market knowledge, distribution networks, and customer reach. This often involves making localized modifications to products, such as incorporating language support or adding features specific to a particular region.
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below is a list of various changes in the economy. all else held constant, please match each change with the corresponding effect in the aggregate demand/supply framework.
The projected inventory exceeds the target amount when aggregate demand is lower than aggregate supply. Businesses intend to restrict production output until aggregate demand and aggregate supply are equal in order to reduce the undesirable buildup in inventory.
Reduced aggregate supply worsens an economy's unemployment issues and inflation rates. A rise in the cost of manufacturing is frequently the root cause of a decline in aggregate supply. Inflation is 'pushed' higher if overall supply declines but overall demand does not. Governments that borrow must compete with everyone else in the economy for the limited amount of accessible savings. the outcome of this contest.
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Economic freedom means more than being able to buy the things you want. It means that you have the freedom to choose _________________________.
Answer:
your career, your employer, and your job location.
Explanation:
The concept of economic freedom means, in addition to the power to choose what to buy due to the variety of goods and services available in a competitive market. Economic freedom in society qualifies the individual as an economic agent capable of using the resources he has to build his professional life, his career and choose his place of work.
The most recent financial statements for Minnie's Manufacturing Co. are shown below:
Income Statement Balance Sheet
Sales $ 89,400 Current assets $ 30,500 Debt $ 40,200
Costs 65,250 Fixed assets 92,300 Equity 82,600
Taxable income $ 24,150 Total $ 122,800 Total $ 122,800
Tax 5,555
Net Income $ 18,595
Assets and costs are proportional to sales. Debt and equity are not. The company maintains a constant 40 percent dividend payout ratio. No external equity financing is possible.
What is the sustainable growth rate? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
The sustainable growth rate for Minnie's Manufacturing Co. is 13.52%.
What is the sustainable growth rate for Minnie's Manufacturing Co.?The sustainable growth rate (SGR) is a measure of the maximum growth rate a company can achieve while maintaining its current financial structure.
It represents the rate at which a company can grow its sales, earnings, and dividends without relying on external financing.
The retention ratio is calculated as (1 - Dividend payout ratio), and the return on equity is calculated as Net Income / Equity.
In the given financial statements, the dividend payout ratio is 40% (0.40), and the net income is $18,595. To calculate the equity, we subtract the debt from the total assets, which gives us $82,600.
The retention ratio is (1 - 0.40) = 0.60, and the return on equity is ($18,595 / $82,600) = 0.2253.
SGR = 0.60 * 0.2253 = 0.1352
The sustainable growth rate is 13.52%.
Explanation:
The sustainable growth rate is a measure of the company's internal growth potential without relying on external financing.
It considers the retention of earnings and the return on equity to determine the rate at which the company can grow while maintaining its financial structure.
In this case, Minnie's Manufacturing Co. can achieve a sustainable growth rate of 13.52% based on its financial statements.
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which of the following statements is (are) correct? a. the federal government's largest source of tax revenue is personal income taxes. b. medicaid, medicare and social security are examples of transfer payments. c. the government has a budget deficit if its total revenues are less than its total expenditures. d. all of the above are correct.
The correct answer is d. All of the above statements are correct. The government has a budget deficit if its total revenues are less than its total expenditures.
a. The federal government's largest source of tax revenue is personal income taxes. This is true as personal income taxes contribute a significant portion of the federal government's tax revenue.
b. Medicaid, Medicare, and Social Security are examples of transfer payments. Transfer payments refer to payments made by the government to individuals or groups without any goods or services being exchanged. Medicaid, Medicare, and Social Security are government programs that provide financial assistance or benefits to eligible individuals or groups.
c. The government has a budget deficit if its total revenues are less than its total expenditures. A budget deficit occurs when the government's expenditures exceed its revenues. This means that the government is spending more money than it is bringing in through various sources such as taxes, fees, and other revenues.
Therefore, all three statements are correct.
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to determine the actual amount of money accumulated at a future time, use the ____.
To determine the actual amount of money accumulated at a future time, use the compound interest formula.
The compound interest formula is used to calculate the future value of an investment or the amount of money accumulated over time. It takes into account the initial principal, the interest rate, the compounding period, and the time duration. The formula is expressed as:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A is the accumulated amount or future value
P is the principal or initial investment
r is the interest rate (expressed as a decimal)
n is the number of times interest is compounded per year
t is the time duration in years
By plugging in the values for P, r, n, and t, you can calculate the actual amount of money that will accumulate at a future time based on compound interest.
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DESCRIBE how Financial Markets are organized in relation to
Maturity of Securities.
The financial markets are organized in relation to the maturity of securities based on the Money market and Capital market.
Financial Markets are organized based on the security's maturity. The primary and secondary financial markets are organized based on securities maturity. Here is a brief description of how financial markets are organized in relation to the maturity of securities:
Money market: Money market securities are short-term securities with maturities of up to one year. They are commonly referred to as short-term debt instruments because they mature in less than one year. The primary participants in the money market are banks, corporations, government entities, and other large financial organizations. Treasury bills, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit are examples of money market securities. The money market is a crucial part of the financial market, and it serves as a source of short-term funding for financial organizations.
Capital market: Capital markets are long-term investment markets that deal with stocks, bonds, and other long-term securities. Stocks, for example, represent an ownership interest in a corporation, while bonds represent a promise to pay a predetermined rate of interest. The capital market includes public offerings of securities, trading activities, and all associated mechanisms for allocating capital. The capital market's primary purpose is to provide a mechanism for long-term capital allocation to finance long-term projects.
According to maturity, capital market instruments are classified into two categories: debt securities and equity securities. Debt securities have a fixed maturity, and the issuer must pay a predetermined rate of interest. On the other hand, equity securities represent ownership in the company, and their value is determined by the company's market value. Stocks are a common example of equity securities.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that the secondary financial market is organized in the same way as the primary financial market.
However, the difference is that the secondary market deals with securities that have already been issued and traded in the primary market.
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The difference between situational interviews and behavioral description interviews is that: a. behavioral description interviews are highly susceptible to applicant faking. b. behavioral description interviews are less effective than situational interviews for hiring high-level positions. c. situational interviews focus on hypothetical incidents rather than on actual work incidents. d. situational interviews assume that past performance is the best predictor of future performance.
Answer:
C) Situational interviews focus on hypothetical incidents rather on actual work incidents
Explanation:
situational interview give rooms to individual that is going through interview from interviewer to pass across his/ her expertise, talent as well as skills that could be used in overcoming any challenges that come with the job.
Behavior Description Interview on other hand utilize premise which goes that behavior of the past can be use in predicting the future, it uses a techniques that finds out what applicant has done in a kind similar situation in the past. It should be noted that one main difference between situational interviews and behavioral description interviews is that Situational interviews focus on hypothetical incidents rather on actual work incidents
Trek sold machinery, which it used in its business, to BMC, a related entity, for $40,000. BMC used the machinery in its business. Trek bought the machinery a few years ago for $50,000 and has claimed $30,000 of depreciation expense. What is the amount and character of Trek's gain?
a. $10,000 ordinary gain and $10,000 §1231 gain.
b. $20,000 ordinary gain.
c. $20,000 ordinary income under §1239.
d. $20,000 capital gain.
e. None of the choices are correct.
Trek sold machinery to BMC for $40,000. Trek bought the machinery a few years ago for $50,000 and has claimed $30,000 of depreciation expense. the answer is $20,000 ordinary gain.
It is important to understand what is meant by the sale of business property and how the related entities are defined and accounted for. For accounting purposes, the related entities are defined as a person that directly or indirectly owns more than 50 percent of the value of another entity's outstanding stock. Similarly, a person who directly or indirectly owns more than 50 percent of the value of the outstanding stock of a corporation and a partnership that has more than 50 percent of the capital interest or profits interest are also included in the category of related entities.Similarly, a transaction that results in a gain or loss on the sale of property held for more than one year is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss under the Internal Revenue Code Section 1231. If the transaction resulted in a loss, it would be treated as an ordinary loss. On the other hand, if the transaction resulted in a gain, it would be treated as an ordinary gain or §1231 gain, depending on the facts and circumstances of the transaction.Therefore, when Trek sells machinery, which it used in its business, to BMC, a related entity, for $40,000. BMC used the machinery in its business. Trek bought the machinery a few years ago for $50,000 and has claimed $30,000 of depreciation expense, the amount and character of Trek's gain are as follows:The amount of gain is $40,000 (selling price) - $20,000 (adjusted basis) = $20,000The character of the gain is ordinary gain because the machinery was sold to a related entity, which is prohibited under the §1239 of the Internal Revenue Code and the transaction did not meet the exception for §1231 gain.
The sale of machinery by Trek, used in its business, to BMC, a related entity, for $40,000, resulted in an ordinary gain of $20,000 because the transaction did not meet the exception for §1231 gain under the Internal Revenue Code Section 1239. Therefore, the answer is b. $20,000 ordinary
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Background: For this assessment, you are required to evaluate an industry of your choice by applying relevant managerial economics theories and perspectives to address potential challenges faced by the industry.
General Structure:
1. Choose an industry of your choice and conduct a business trend analysis that examines the growth or decline of the industry, economic factors that propelled the exponential growth of the industry and the future outlook for the industry.
2. Analyse the real-world business challenges faced by the business organizations based on the business trend analysis attributed to changes in economic conditions.
3. Propose potential entrepreneurial and visionary business solutions. Use managerial economic theories to support your arguments.
4. Evaluate either game theory, managerial theory of the firm, or bounded rationality theory as the theoretical framework to create practical business solutions for addressing real- world business challenges.
5. Analyse the supply and demand factors impacting the practical business solutions in the short run and long run from a managerial economics perspective.
The industry I have chosen to evaluate is the e-commerce industry. In recent years, the e-commerce industry has grown exponentially, with the rise of online shopping and advancements in technology. In this assessment, I will evaluate the challenges faced by the e-commerce industry and propose entrepreneurial and visionary business solutions to address these challenges.
Business Trend Analysis
The e-commerce industry has experienced significant growth in recent years, with global sales reaching $3.5 trillion in 2019. The growth of the e-commerce industry can be attributed to several economic factors such as the rise of mobile technology, advancements in logistics and supply chain management, and the increase in internet penetration. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the e-commerce industry has seen a surge in sales as more consumers opt for online shopping due to social distancing measures. The future outlook for the e-commerce industry is positive, with global sales projected to reach $6.5 trillion by 2023.
Business Challenges
One of the significant challenges faced by e-commerce companies is the issue of trust. With the rise of online shopping, consumers are increasingly concerned about the safety and security of their personal information. Therefore, e-commerce companies must invest in secure payment systems and establish trust with their customers. Another challenge faced by e-commerce companies is the high competition and low-profit margins. The industry is highly competitive, with many players offering similar products at similar prices, making it difficult for companies to differentiate themselves.
Proposed Solutions
One potential solution to address the challenge of trust is for e-commerce companies to invest in secure payment systems and encryption technologies. Additionally, companies could establish trust with their customers by offering guarantees and warranties on their products. To address the challenge of competition and low-profit margins, e-commerce companies could focus on niche markets and offer personalized products and services. Companies could also invest in logistics and supply chain management to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
Theoretical Framework
Game theory can be used as the theoretical framework to create practical business solutions for addressing real-world business challenges. Game theory provides a framework for analyzing strategic interactions between players in a given market. In the e-commerce industry, game theory can be used to analyze the competitive interactions between firms and help companies make strategic decisions regarding pricing, advertising, and product differentiation.
Supply and Demand Analysis
In the short run, the proposed solutions would increase the supply of e-commerce products and services, leading to a decrease in prices due to increased competition. In the long run, the increased efficiency and differentiation would lead to an increase in demand, resulting in increased sales and profits. However, the impact on prices would depend on the elasticity of demand for e-commerce products and services.
In conclusion, the e-commerce industry has experienced significant growth in recent years, with the rise of online shopping and advancements in technology. The challenges faced by e-commerce companies include the issue of trust and high competition and low-profit margins. To address these challenges, companies could invest in secure payment systems and encryption technologies, establish trust with their customers, focus on niche markets, and invest in logistics and supply chain management. Game theory can be used as a theoretical framework to create practical business solutions, while the supply and demand factors impacting these solutions would depend on the elasticity of demand for e-commerce products and services.
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Moranda and sills, LLP, has served for over 10 years as the auditor of the financial statements of Highland Bank and Trust. The firm is conducting its audit planning for the current fiscal year and is in the process of performing risk assessment procedures. Based on inquiries and other information obtained, the auditors learned that the bank is finalizing and acquisition of a smaller community bank located in another region of the state. Management anticipates that the transaction will close in the third quarter, and, while there will be some challenges in integrating the IT systems of the acquired bank and Highland systems, the bank should realize a number of operational cost saving over the long-term.
During the past year, the bank has expanded its online service options for customers, who can now remotely deposit funds into the withdraw funds from checking and savings accounts. The system has been well received by customers and the bank hopes to continue expanding those services. The challenge for Highland is that they are struggling to retain IT personnel given the strong job market from individuals with those skills.
Credit risk management continues to be a challenge for all banks, including Highland, and regulators continue to spend a lot of time on credit evaluation issues. The bank has a dedicated underwriting staff that continually evaluates the collectivity of loans outstanding. Unfortunately, some of the credit review staff recently left the bank to work for a competitor. Competition in the community banking space is tough, especially given the slow loan demand in the marketplace.
The bank has expanded its investment portfolio into a number of new types of instruments subject to fair value accounting. Management has engaged an outside valuation expert to ensure that the valuations are properly measured and reported.
Fortunately, the bank's capital position is strong and it far exceeds regulatory minimums. Capital is available to support growth goals in the bank's three-year strategic plan.
a. Describe any risks of material misstatement at the financial statement level.
b. Describe any risks of material misstatement at the assertion level.
c. Which, if any, risks would be considered a significant risk?
a. Risks of material misstatement at the financial statement level for Highland Bank and Trust include:
Integration and operational challenges related to the acquisition of the smaller community bank: The successful integration of the acquired bank's IT systems with Highland's systems is crucial for the bank's operations. Any difficulties or failures in the integration process could lead to misstatements in financial reporting.
Retention of IT personnel: The strong job market for individuals with IT skills poses a risk for Highland in retaining qualified IT personnel. Inadequate staffing or lack of expertise in managing and maintaining the bank's IT systems could result in misstatements in financial reporting.
Credit risk management: The bank's credit evaluation process is crucial in assessing the collectibility of loans. The departure of credit review staff to a competitor and the competitive nature of the community banking space may pose challenges in effectively managing credit risk. Inaccurate or inadequate credit evaluations could result in misstatements in loan balances and credit-related disclosures.
Fair value accounting for the investment portfolio: Expansion into new types of instruments subject to fair value accounting introduces complexities in measuring and reporting the valuations. Dependence on an outside valuation expert raises the risk of errors or misstatements in the fair value measurements and disclosures.
b. Risks of material misstatement at the assertion level for Highland Bank and Trust include:
Completeness and accuracy of acquisition-related financial information: The acquisition of the smaller community bank introduces the risk of incomplete or inaccurate recording of acquisition-related transactions, such as the fair valuation of acquired assets and liabilities, recognition of goodwill, and integration costs.
Accuracy of online service transactions: The expansion of online service options increases the risk of misstatements in transactional data related to remote fund deposits and withdrawals. Errors in recording or processing these transactions could lead to inaccuracies in customer account balances and related financial reporting.
Valuation of investment portfolio: The bank's expanded investment portfolio subject to fair value accounting requires accurate measurement and reporting of fair values. The risk exists for misstatements in the valuations of these instruments, which could impact the carrying value of investments and related income or losses.
c. The risks that could be considered significant risks are:
Integration and operational challenges related to the acquisition: The acquisition poses significant challenges in integrating IT systems, and any issues in this process could have a material impact on the bank's financial statements.
Credit risk management: Given the competitive nature of the community banking space and the departure of credit review staff, the bank's ability to effectively manage credit risk becomes crucial. Misstatements in loan balances and related disclosures could have a significant impact on the financial statements.
Fair value accounting for the investment portfolio: The expansion into new types of instruments subject to fair value accounting introduces complexities and the involvement of an outside valuation expert. Inaccurate or unreliable fair value measurements could have a material impact on the bank's financial statements.
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Overhead is applied to jobs at the rate of $25 per machine hour. By February 28, Job 178 is the only one unfinished. The balance of Finished Goods on February 1 is $94,000 (consisting of Job 177). Jobs 177 and 179 are sold during February. Stutz sells its product at cost plus 40%.
Calculate the balance of Finished Goods at February 28.
a.$53,290
b.$63,290
c.$63,690
d.$0
e.$39,500
The balance of Finished Goods at February 28 is $53,290.Option (a) is correct.
Given, Overhead is applied to jobs at the rate of $25 per machine hour. By February 28, Job 178 is the only one unfinished.
The balance of Finished Goods on February 1 is $94,000 (consisting of Job 177).
Jobs 177 and 179 are sold during February.
Stutz sells its product at cost plus 40%.
The cost of job 177 and 179 can be calculated as follows:
Job 177:
Overhead = $25 * 400 hours = $10,000,
Direct materials = $70,000,
Direct labor = $40,000,
Total cost = $120,000,
Job 179:
Overhead = $25 * 100 hours = $2,500
Direct materials = $17,500
Direct labor = $10,000
Total cost = $30,000
Total cost of jobs sold during February:
$120,000 + $30,000 = $150,000
Since Stutz sells its product at cost plus 40%, the revenue from the sale of jobs 177 and 179 is:
Revenue = Cost + 40% of Cost = $150,000 + $60,000 = $210,000.
Since job 178 is the only one unfinished, its cost can be calculated as follows:
Overhead = $25 * 250 hours = $6,250
Direct materials = $35,000
Direct labor = $20,000
Total cost of Job 178 = $61,250
The balance of Finished Goods at February 1 is $94,000.
Therefore, the total cost of Job 177 and the beginning balance of finished goods is:
$94,000 - $120,000 = -$26,000
This negative balance is because Job 177 is sold at a profit.
The negative balance is subtracted from the revenue from the sale of jobs 177 and 179 to calculate the ending balance of finished goods: Ending balance of Finished Goods = $210,000 - $26,000 + $61,250 = $245,250.
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Briefly state the assumptions and hypothesis of the Malthusian growth theory
The assumptions and hypothesis of the Malthusian growth theory are as follows: Assumptions: The Malthusian theory of population growth was based on the following assumptions: Population growth was geometric, while food supply grew arithmetically.
There are limited resources that support life, and population growth is limited to the carrying capacity of a given region. Population growth is limited by positive checks (famine, disease, and war) and preventive checks (moral restraint, late marriage, and celibacy).
Hypothesis: Malthus's hypothesis can be summed up as follows: The growth of the human population, if left unchecked, will eventually deplete the earth's resources and result in catastrophe. Positive and preventive checks on population growth, such as famine, disease, war, and moral restraint, must be used to prevent the catastrophe.
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Decision making is a fundamental management function. In the light of this statement, define and explain, with examples, all the views on how managers make decisions.
Answer this question in no more than 400 words.
It's important to note that these views on decision making are not mutually exclusive, and managers may employ a combination of these approaches depending on the situation.
Effective managers are skilled at adapting their decision-making approaches to different contexts, balancing rational analysis, cognitive limitations, organizational dynamics, and time constraints to make informed and effective decisions.
In the field of management, decision making is a critical function that involves selecting the best course of action among various alternatives to achieve organizational goals. Here are four major views on how managers make decisions:
Rational/Economic View:
The rational or economic view assumes that managers are rational individuals who strive to maximize outcomes by carefully analyzing all available information and choosing the most optimal solution. This view emphasizes logical thinking, objective analysis, and the use of quantitative data. Decision-making processes such as cost-benefit analysis, financial modeling, and forecasting are commonly employed.
For example, when deciding whether to invest in a new project, managers might analyze the potential return on investment, expected costs, and market conditions to make a rational decision.
Bounded Rationality View:
Bounded rationality recognizes that managers have limited cognitive abilities, time, and information, which affect their decision-making capabilities. They rely on heuristics, rules of thumb, and past experiences to simplify complex situations and reach a decision.
For instance, when selecting a vendor, managers may rely on their previous experiences with similar vendors or consider recommendations from trusted colleagues, rather than conducting an exhaustive analysis of all available options.
Political View:
The political view emphasizes that organizations are composed of various stakeholders with differing interests, power, and influence. Decision making is viewed as a political process involving negotiations, bargaining, and coalition-building among different groups.
For example, when deciding on changes in employee benefits, managers may involve representatives from labor unions or conduct negotiations with employee representatives to reach an agreement.
Garbage Can View:
The garbage can view suggests that decision making can be chaotic and unpredictable, resembling a "garbage can" where problems, solutions, participants, and choices are thrown together. In this view, decisions are made opportunistically and may not follow a logical or sequential process.
For instance, in a fast-paced startup environment, managers may make quick decisions based on immediate opportunities or respond to unexpected challenges as they arise.
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Fezko Company produces automotive seat fabric. They provide fabrics for three car seating producers, one specific type of fabric for each producer. The following data for April is available:
Three production lines (PL1, PL2, PL3) were in a run each day in April. Each production line can produce whatever product. Production volumes per day are the same, i.e. 1 500 m2 per production-line-day for Faurecia’s and Johnson’s products and 1 000 m2 per production-line-day for Ligna’s products. Production for customers was organized as follows (assume full capacity usage each day).
The company recorded costs of 37 700 EUR as overhead costs of the production plant. The following activities were identified concerning the production process:
"main" production on the production line;
set up the machines.
Department of logistics realized the following activities:
material supplies from suppliers to the company;
movements of material from the storehouse to the production plant.
The production technology is the same for all three types of products. Thus, the overhead costs per hour are considered as constant whatever product is manufactured. However, the production time is higher in the case of Ligna’s product and it leads to a lower daily volume of output in comparison with Faurecia’s and Johnson’s products. In April, overhead costs assigned to "main" production were 29 700 EUR.
Set-up activities are realized each day for each production line. If the same product is produced as in the previous day, set-up of one production line takes half an hour. The products for Faurecia and Johnson need 2 hours of set-up for each production line to change over from the previous type of product. Compared to this, Ligna’s product is more demanding and takes 5 hours of set-up to change over. Set-up costs consist of labor costs of employees who specialize in this activity and some overhead material costs totaling 8 000 EUR in April.
The company supplies the raw material from one supplier. As the need for raw material is well predictable, the capacity of trucks is usually fully used. The capacity of one truck is 15 palettes. And the material that is delivered on one palette is enough for the production of 500 m2 of a whatever product. The costs of each supply were calculated as 300 EUR (one supply by one truck).
The logistics department realizes also material movements from storehouse to production lines. Production of each 1 000 m2 of product asks for one material movement. Material can be stocked at a production line during the night if the same product is produced next date. The supplies for each particular production line are realized separately. Costs assigned to this activity were 9 000 EUR in April.
All other expenses of the company are considered business-sustaining activities.
Questions and tasks:
Calculate the profitability of each customer. Use the activity-based costing method for cost assignment.
The profitability of each customer is as follows: Customer Profitability Faurecia € 527,900 Johnson€ 377,900 Ligna€ 241,700 and the Fezko Company’s total profit is €1,147,500 is the answer.
Activity-based costing is an accounting methodology in which overhead expenses are allocated to products or services based on the activities they use. To calculate the profitability of each customer, let's use the activity-based costing method for cost assignment. To accomplish this task, we need to determine the costs of each customer. Hence, the calculation is as follows:
Calculation of the costs of each customer: Customer Faurecia Johnson Ligna
Total Overhead cost assigned to “main” production € 29,700 € 29,700 € 29,700 € 89,100
Set-up cost € 16,000 € 16,000 € 40,000 € 72,000
Material supplies € 23,400 € 23,400 € 15,600 € 62,400
Movements of material € 3,000 € 3,000 € 3,000 € 9,000Total € 72,100 € 72,100 € 88,300 € 232,500
Calculating the profitability of each customer: Customer Faurecia Johnson Ligna
Total Sales = € 600,000 € 450,000 € 330,000 € 1,380,000
Total costs= € 72,100 € 72,100 € 88,300 € 232,500Profit € 527,900 € 377,900 € 241,700 € 1,147,500
Therefore, the profitability of each customer is as follows: Customer Profitability Faurecia € 527,900 Johnson€ 377,900 Ligna€ 241,700
Thus, the Fezko Company’s total profit is €1,147,500.
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Dan and Murphy contributed property to a corporation in exchange for stock during the current tax year. Dan contributed $50,000 cash for 50% of the stock and Murphy contributed land with an adjusted basis of $36,000 and fair market value of $50,000 for 50% of the stock. The land had a $40,000 mortgage attached to it that was assumed by the corporation. What is Murphy’s recognized gain on this transaction?
Group of answer choices
$14,000
$ 4,000
$50,000
$ 0
Murphy's recognized gain on this transaction is $14,000.
To calculate Murphy's recognized gain on the transaction, we need to determine the difference between the fair market value of the land contributed and its adjusted basis.
In this case:
Adjusted basis of the land = $36,000
Fair market value of the land = $50,000
Mortgage assumed by the corporation = $40,000
Murphy's recognized gain on the transaction is calculated as follows:
Recognized Gain = Fair Market Value - Adjusted Basis
Recognized Gain = $50,000 - $36,000
Recognized Gain = $14,000
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Describe the four key performance dimensions that form the basis of the balanced scorecard’s structure.
The Lansing Community College registrar's office is considering replacing some Canon copiers with faster copiers purchased from Kodak.
The office's 4 Canon machines are expected to last 5 more years. They can each be sold immediately for $1,300; their resale value in 5 years will be zero. The Canon machines require 4 operators; they are each paid $8.30 an hour and work 39 hours a week and 52 weeks a year. The machines break down periodically, resulting in annual repair costs of $1,260 for each machine. The cost of supplies for each machine will be $960 a year.
The total cost of the new Kodak equipment will be $111,000. The equipment will have a life of 5 years and a total disposal value at that time of $2,300. The Kodak system will require only 3 regular operators, working the same number of hours and earning the same wages. Kodak has offered the college a maintenance contract that covers all machine breakdowns; the cost of the contract is $960 per year. The cost of supplies for all the machines combined will be $3,120 a year.
Required
Assuming a discount rate of 14%, compute the difference between the net present value if the registrar's office keeps the Canon copiers and the net present value if it buys the Kodak copiers. [Note: If your results favor keeping the Canon copiers, enter your net present value difference as a positive number; if your results favor buying the Kodak copiers, enter your net present value difference as a negative number.]
The difference between the NPV of keeping the Canon copiers and the NPV of buying the Kodak copiers is $62,610.95.
IntroductionThe Lansing Community College registrar's office is considering the replacement of Canon copiers with Kodak copiers. The office's 4 Canon machines are expected to last 5 more years. The Canon machines require 4 operators; they are each paid $8.30 an hour and work 39 hours a week and 52 weeks a year. The machines break down periodically, resulting in annual repair costs of $1,260 for each machine.
The total cost of the new Kodak equipment will be $111,000. The equipment will have a life of 5 years and a total disposal value at that time of $2,300. Kodak has offered the college a maintenance contract that covers all machine breakdowns; the cost of the contract is $960 per year. The cost of supplies for all the machines combined will be $3,120 a year. The Kodak system will require only 3 regular operators, working the same number of hours and earning the same wages.Computation Discount rate = 14%
Net present value (NPV) for keeping the Canon copiers = -$27,711.44
Net present value (NPV) for buying the Kodak copiers = -$34,899.51 Difference between the NPV of keeping the Canon copiers and the NPV of buying the Kodak copiers
= NPV of keeping Canon copiers - NPV of buying Kodak copiers
= $34,899.51 - (-$27,711.44)
= $62,610.95
Therefore, the difference between the NPV of keeping the Canon copiers and the NPV of buying the Kodak copiers is $62,610.95.
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A salesperson talks to customers Vincent and Lee. During his presentation with Vincent, the salesperson asks him, "Would a new computer with advanced features resolve all your issues?" During his presentation with Lee, the salesperson asks, "How many people use your computer?" Classify the question type based on the SPIN (situations questions, problem questions, implication questions, and need payoff questions) technique used by salespeople to understand a prospect's needs. Multiple Choice The questions asked to Vincent and Lee are problem questions. The questions asked to Vincent and Lee are implication questions. The question asked to Vincent is a problem question, whereas the question asked to Lee is a need payoff question. The question asked to Vincent is a situation question, whereas the question asked to Lee is an implication question The question asked to Vincent is a need payoff question, whereas the question asked to Lee is a situation question.
Based on the given information, the question asked to Vincent, "Would a new computer with advanced features resolve all your issues?", can be classified as an implication question. Implication questions are used by salespeople to understand the potential consequences or impact of a problem or situation.
The question asked to Lee, "How many people use your computer?", can be classified as a situation question. Situation questions are used to gather information about the current state or circumstances of the prospect. Therefore, the correct answer is: The question asked to Vincent is an implication question, whereas the question asked to Lee is a situation question.
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The asset's book value is determined by deducting the residual value from its original cost O True O False Moving to another question will save this response. MacBook Pro
The correct answer is True. The asset's book value is determined by deducting the residual value from its original cost.
The asset's book value refers to the total cost of an asset after the accumulated depreciation has been subtracted from its original cost. This means that the book value of an asset decreases over time due to depreciation. Depreciation can be defined as the loss of value of an asset due to wear and tear, obsolescence, or other factors.
The residual value refers to the estimated value of an asset at the end of its useful life. The formula for calculating book value is: Book value = Original cost - Accumulated depreciation, Residual value, also known as salvage value or residual worth, refers to the estimated value of an asset at the end of its useful life or lease term. It represents the remaining worth of the asset after accounting for depreciation or wear and tear. The residual value is often used in financial calculations and lease agreements.
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Suppose the president of the United States is thinking of imposing tariffs on imported
steel to protect the interests of the domestic steel industry.As an economic
adviser to the president,whatwouldbe your recommendations?Howwouldyou
set up an econometric study to assess the consequences of imposing the tariff?
As an economic adviser to the president, my recommendations would be to analyze and evaluate the potential benefits and costs of imposing tariffs on imported steel. It is essential to determine the actual impact of tariffs on the domestic steel industry and other sectors of the economy. Here are a few recommendations to be considered when setting up an econometric study to assess the consequences of imposing the tariff: Identify the Objectives: The study should clearly define the goals and objectives of imposing tariffs on imported steel. It should examine whether the tariff will benefit the domestic steel industry, create jobs, reduce imports, or protect national security.
Conduct a Comparative Analysis:
It is essential to conduct a comparative analysis between the domestic and imported steel industry. The study should evaluate the domestic and imported steel prices, production capacity, and quality of the product. It should also examine the extent of competition in the domestic and international steel markets. Analyze the Impact of Tariffs: The study should evaluate the potential impact of tariffs on imported steel on other sectors of the economy. It should examine whether the tariffs will result in retaliation from other countries, which may result in a trade war. Additionally, the study should examine the impact of tariffs on the domestic consumers, downstream industries, and global supply chains.
Conduct a Cost-Benefit Analysis:
The study should conduct a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the economic impact of imposing tariffs. It should examine the potential benefits of tariffs on the domestic steel industry and other sectors of the economy and compare them with the potential costs. The study should evaluate whether the benefits of tariffs outweigh the costs and provide a net gain for the economy.
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When would AMC Theatres recognize revenue from its AMC Stubs A-List subscription service?
AMC Entertainment Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: AMC (Links to an external site.)), also known as AMC Theatres, recently announced a $19.95 per month subscription service, AMC Stubs A-List (Links to an external site.), to compete with MoviePass. With the A-List program, subscribers can see up to three movies per week with few restrictions. The minimum commitment is three months, after which time the subscriber can cancel at any time. Just as a point of comparison, the cost of MoviePass is between $7.95 - $9.95 per month. Depending on the plan, MoviePass subscribers can see up to one movie per day, subject to restrictions. Subscribers can cancel at any time. MoviePass stock has fallen greatly in recent weeks because investors do not see its business model as sustainable. MoviePass has significantly more expenses than revenues and its cash is dwindling rapidly.
Questions
1)Analyze the current financial position of MoviePass’.
2)Assume that a new subscriber signs up for the AMC Stubs A-List program and pays $19.95 for the first month on August 1. Prepare the journal entry on August 1 and indicate the effects on the accounting equation and financial statements.
3)On what day will AMC be able to recognize that first $19.95 as revenue? Indicate the effects on the accounting equation and financial statements.
4)If AMC charges a new subscriber for the first three months (the minimum commitment) when the subscriber signs up for the A-List program, when will AMC recognize the revenue from the first three months for that new subscription? Prepare the journal entry for the three-month prepayment by AMC beginning August 1st. Indicate the effects on the accounting equation and financial statements.
The AMC Theatres recognize revenue from its AMC Stubs A-List subscription service under given conditions
1)The current financial position of MoviePass is weak and precarious. The company's business model is considered unsustainable, as it has more expenses than revenues and its cash reserves are depleting rapidly. With significant expenses and limited revenue generation, MoviePass is facing financial difficulties.
2)Journal entry for a new subscriber signing up for the AMC Stubs A-List program and paying $19.95 for the first month on August 1:
August 1:
Debit: Cash $19.95
Credit: Unearned Revenue $19.95
Effects on the accounting equation:
Assets: Cash increases
Liabilities: Unearned Revenue increases
3)AMC will be able to recognize the first $19.95 as revenue on a daily basis over the period the service is provided .Effects on the accounting equation and financial statements. For each day of service provided, the following journal entry would be made to recognize revenue:
Debit: Unearned Revenue (portion related to the day of service)
Credit: Revenue (portion related to the day of service)
This journal entry reduces the unearned revenue balance and increases the revenue account.
4)Journal entry for AMC charging a new subscriber for the first three months (the minimum commitment) when the subscriber signs up for the A-List program, beginning August 1:
Debit: Cash $59.85 (3 months x $19.95 per month)
Credit: Unearned Revenue $59.85
Effects on the accounting equation:
Assets: Cash increases
Liabilities: Unearned Revenue increases
Revenue recognition for the first three months:
AMC will recognize the revenue from the first three months on a pro-rata basis over the three-month period.
Effects on the accounting equation and financial statements:
For each day of service provided over the three-month period, the following journal entry would be made to recognize revenue:
Debit: Unearned Revenue (portion related to the day of service)
Credit: Revenue (portion related to the day of service)
This journal entry reduces the unearned revenue balance and increases the revenue account.
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The manufacturing firm of Trevnor and Trist have a degree of operating leverage of 1.8. The firm feels that this level makes their firm too susceptible to severe damage should the economy turn downward. What actions can the firm take to lower their degree of operating leverage?
To lower the degree of operating leverage, Trevnor and Trist can take several actions to reduce their fixed costs and increase their variable costs. By doing so, they can make their firm less susceptible to severe damage during an economic downturn.
Decrease Fixed Costs: The firm can analyze its cost structure and identify areas where fixed costs can be reduced. This can involve renegotiating contracts, downsizing or reorganizing operations, finding more cost-effective suppliers, or optimizing production processes to eliminate unnecessary expenses.
Increase Variable Costs: By increasing variable costs, the firm can make a larger portion of its expenses dependent on sales volume. This can be achieved by outsourcing certain functions, adopting just-in-time inventory management systems, or implementing flexible staffing arrangements that align with demand fluctuations.
Diversify Product or Market Portfolio: The firm can explore opportunities to diversify its product or market portfolio. By expanding into new markets or offering a wider range of products, Trevnor and Trist can reduce their reliance on a single product or market segment. This can help spread the risk and mitigate the impact of downturns in specific industries or regions.
Improve Demand Forecasting and Inventory Management: Accurate demand forecasting and efficient inventory management can help the firm maintain optimal levels of production and inventory. This minimizes the risk of overproduction and excess inventory, which can lead to higher fixed costs and lower flexibility.
By implementing these strategies, Trevnor and Trist can effectively lower their degree of operating leverage and reduce their vulnerability to economic downturns, making their firm more resilient and adaptable to changing market conditions.
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T/F. there are two fundamental supply chain strategies: imitation and innovation
False.
There are various supply chain strategies, and "imitation" and "innovation" are not the only two fundamental strategies. Supply chain strategies can vary based on factors such as the industry, market conditions, and competitive landscape. Some common supply chain strategies include cost leadership, differentiation, agility, responsiveness, and collaboration. These strategies focus on different aspects of the supply chain to gain a competitive advantage and meet customer demands.
1. Efficient Supply Chain Strategy: This strategy focuses on maximizing operational efficiency, reducing costs, and achieving economies of scale. It is suitable for products with stable demand, low product variety, and predictable market conditions. The goal is to minimize inventory, streamline processes, and optimize the flow of goods to achieve cost savings.
2. Responsive Supply Chain Strategy: This strategy emphasizes flexibility and responsiveness to customer demands and market dynamics. It is suitable for products with uncertain demand, high product variety, and volatile market conditions. The goal is to be agile, quickly adapt to changes, and provide customized solutions to meet customer needs.
While innovation can be a critical aspect within a supply chain strategy, it is not considered one of the fundamental strategies on its own. Innovation can be incorporated within both the efficient and responsive strategies to drive continuous improvement, develop new technologies or processes, and differentiate the supply chain's capabilities.
Imitation, on the other hand, generally refers to replicating or copying existing strategies or practices. It is not typically considered a distinct supply chain strategy but can be part of the overall approach adopted by companies to learn from successful practices and adapt them to their own operations.
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A set of final examination grades in an introductory statistics course is normally distributed, with a mean of 76 and a standard deviation of 7 Complete parts (x) though CED
a. What is the probability that a student sooned below 86 on this exam? The probability that a student scored below 86 is (Round to four decimal places as needed)
b. What is the probability that a student scored between 0 and 94? The probability that a student scored between 60 and 94 (Round to four decimal places as needed.)
c. The probability is 25% that a student taking the test scones higher than what grade? The probability is 25% that a student taking the test scores higher than (Round to the nearest integer as needed)
d. If the professor grades on a curve (for example, the professor could give A's to the top 10% of the class, regardless of the score) is a student better off with a grade of 50 on the exam or a grade of 66 on a different exam where the ne 65 and the standard deviation is 37 Show your answer statistically and explain. and the 2 value for the grade of 68 s
A student is___ with a grade of 90 on this exam because the Z value for the grade of 90 is___(Round to two decimal places as needed)
a. The probability that a student scored below 86 is 0.9236.
b. The probability that a student scored between 60 and 94 is 0.9656.
c. The probability is 25% that a student taking the test scores higher than 81.
d. A student is ecstatic with a grade of 90 on this exam because the Z value for the grade of 90 is 2.00.
a. To calculate the probability that a student scored below 86, use the formula:
P(X < 86) = P(Z < (86 - 76) / 7) = P(Z < 1.43) = 0.9236
Rounded to four decimal places, the probability that a student scored below 86 is 0.9236.
b. To calculate the probability that a student scored between 60 and 94, use the formula:
P(60 < X < 94) = P((60 - 76) / 7 < Z < (94 - 76) / 7) = P(-2.29 < Z < 2.57) = 0.9884 - 0.0228 = 0.9656
Rounded to four decimal places, the probability that a student scored between 60 and 94 is 0.9656.
c. The probability that a student taking the test scores higher than some grade is 25%. To find out what that grade is, use a Z-table or calculator to find the Z-score that corresponds to a probability of 0.75 (which is 1 - 0.25, since we want the top 25%).
The Z-score that corresponds to a probability of 0.75 is approximately 0.67. Therefore,
0.67 = (X - 76) / 7
X - 76 = 0.67 × 7
X - 76 = 4.69
X = 80.69
Rounded to the nearest integer, the probability is 25% that a student taking the test scores higher than 81.
d. To determine whether a student is better off with a grade of 50 on the exam or a grade of 66 on a different exam where the mean is 65 and the standard deviation is 37, calculate the Z-scores for both grades:
Z50 = (50 - 76) / 7 = -3.71 and Z66 = (66 - 65) / 37 = 0.027.
Now we can compare the percentiles for each score using a Z-table or calculator.
The percentile for Z50 is approximately 0.0001 (which means that only 0.01% of the population would score this low), while the percentile for Z66 is approximately 50.6%.
Therefore, a student is better off with a grade of 66, since it is close to the mean for the other exam and has a much higher percentile rank.
A student is ecstatic with a grade of 90 on this exam because the Z value for the grade of 90 is (90 - 76) / 7 = 2.00, which means that the grade is 2 standard deviations above the mean. The area under the normal curve to the right of Z = 2.00 is approximately 0.0228, which means that only 2.28% of the population would score this high.
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The foreign purchases effect suggests that an increase in the Bahrain's price level relative to other countries will OA, increase Bahrain's imports and decrease Bahrain's exports. B. increase both Bahrain's imports and Bahrain's exports. OC. decrease both Bahrain's imports and Bahrain's exports. OD. increase the amount of Bahrain's real output purchased.
The foreign purchases effect suggests that an increase in the Bahrain's price level relative to other countries will decrease both Bahrain's imports and Bahrain's exports.
What is the foreign purchases effect?
Foreign purchases effect is an economic theory that suggests that a change in relative price levels between two nations will result in a shift in demand for goods. It is also known as the International Substitution Effect.When the price level in one country rises compared to another country's, it becomes more costly to purchase foreign products. As a result, consumers will shift their spending to domestically produced goods, lowering the country's imports. This results in an increase in demand for domestic goods and a decrease in demand for foreign goods.As the domestic goods become cheaper in comparison to foreign products, exports increase due to increased foreign demand. This implies that the foreign purchases effect results in a shift of both imports and exports, but in opposite directions.
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