Answers
a) The mass of the oxygen is 1.97 g
b) The percent yield is 90.4 %
c) The mass of the oxygen is 1.55 g
What is the percent yield?We know that the percent yield has to do with the amount of the reactants that has been converted into products in the given reaction. In this case, the reaction that we are dealing with is the decomposition of the potassium oxo chlorate V molecule.
Now we have that;
a) Number of moles of the chlorate = 5 g/122.5 g/mol
= 0.041 moles
If 2 moles of the chlorate produces 3 moles of the oxygen
0.041 moles of the chlorate produces 3 moles * 0.041 moles/ 2 moles
= 0.0615 moles
Mass of the oxygen produced = 0.0615 moles * 32 g/mol
= 1.97 g
b) Percent yield = Actual/Theoretical * 100/1
= 1.78/1.97 * 100/1
= 90.4 %
c) For a percent yield of 78.5% =
Actual = Percent yield * Theoretical /100
= 78.5 * 1.97/100
= 1.55 g
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% yield = (1.78 g / theoretical yield) × 100%
To calculate the percent yield, you need to know the actual yield and the theoretical yield of the reaction.
In this case, the actual yield is given as 1.78 g of O₂. The theoretical yield represents the maximum amount of product that can be obtained under ideal conditions.
To calculate the theoretical yield, you need to know the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Assuming the reaction is complete, the coefficients of the balanced equation can be used to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
For example, if the balanced equation is:
2 A + 3 B → 4 C + 2 D
Then, you can use the stoichiometry to find the theoretical yield. Let's say the molar mass of O₂ is 32 g/mol. In this case, we need to calculate the moles of O₂ using the given mass of 1.78 g:
moles of O₂ = mass of O₂ / molar mass of O₂
Next, we need to use the stoichiometry to find the moles of the desired product. Let's assume that O₂ is the limiting reactant and that it is completely converted to the product. From the balanced equation, we can see that 4 moles of C are produced for every 2 moles of O₂:
moles of C = moles of O₂ × (4 moles of C / 2 moles of O₂)
Now that we have the moles of C, we can calculate the theoretical yield of C in grams by multiplying the moles by the molar mass of C.
theoretical yield of C = moles of C × molar mass of C
Finally, we can calculate the percent yield using the formula:
% yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100%
Substituting the values we calculated:
% yield = (1.78 g / theoretical yield) × 100%
Please note that without the balanced chemical equation and additional information, it is not possible to provide a specific numerical answer for the percent yield.
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Related Questions
how many chromosomes does each daughter cell have after cell division is complete
Answers
Answer:
23 chromosomes
Explanation:
46/2
protein folding none of the responses are correct is completed by the time the protein is released from the ribosome is govern solely by the chemistry of the protein is completed when the polypeptide chain folds around itself
Answers
Disulfide bridges add additional stability to the 3-D structure and are often required for correct protein folding and function.
include examples such as euglena, a photosynthetic protist, amanita, a poisonous fungi, gingko biloba, an ancient tree, and humans.
Answers
Examples of eukarya include humans, amanita, a deadly fungus, Ginkgo Biloba, and euglena, a photosynthetic protest.
Eukarya are organisms with one cell or several cells with a membrane-bound nucleus. The only domain that includes multicellular, visible organisms including humans, animals, plants, and trees is the eukarya. Numerous microorganisms, including fungi, algae, and micro animals. All organisms with a nucleus fall under the domain Eukarya. The last four kingdoms of the six kingdom structure are Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Eukaryotic cells feature a membrane-bound nucleus and a central cavity that contains the genetic material of the cell. The compartments with specific functionalities that are membrane-bound and floating in the cytoplasm.
Hence, eukarya domain includes eukaryotic cell possessing organism.
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which of the following best describes the component that metformin represents in a signal transduction pathway that regulates glucose production in the liver?
Answers
Metformin is a ligand that activates the signal transduction pathway of the activation of AMPK that regulates glucose production in the liver.
Metformin activates muscle AMPK and promotes glucose uptake.
Incubation of secluded muscles with metformin influenced in an increase in the activity of both catalytic subunits of AMPK.
At the molecular position, metformin inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to activation of AMPK, enhancing insulin sensitivity( via effects on fat metabolism) and lowering cAMP, therefore reducing the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. The centre of metformin's mechanism of action is the remodeling of the energy metabolism of the cell. Metformin exerts its prevailing, glucose- lowering effect by constraining hepatic gluconeogenesis and opposing the action of glucagon.
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Please help! Some organisms like squirrels will give a warning call if a predator is near. Why do squirrels do this if they threaten their own existence?
Answers
The group's chances of survival can be improved and danger can be avoided as a result. While calling out a warning might put one squirrel in danger, the advantages of alerting the rest of the group
The definition of organism:
A living human, plant, or animal is a single living entity that depends on other living things to carry out its functions. organismic.
How does it become an organism?
An organism is a thing that has life in it. Molecules are the essential building blocks of both living and non-living objects. However, a living thing can be identified from an inanimate object by its unique characteristics. For instance, an organism is made up of one or more cells.
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Please help this is environmental science : )
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Concept maps are diagrams that represent information visually.
What are examples of concept map?Concept maps are diagrams that represent information visually. Charts, visual organizers, tables, flowcharts, Venn Diagrams, timelines, and T-charts are a few examples of how they might be presented.Concept maps may provide a graphically explicit way to depict and analyze the complex relationships between the different parties that characterize environmental challenges.Environmental science aims to shed light on how life on Earth is maintained, what causes our numerous environmental issues, and how to address them. The field of environmental science and management studies the relationships and interactions between people and the environment.To learn more about Concept maps refer,
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The elongated shape and thickened cell walls of the cells in collenchyma
tissue produce tough, flexible fibers in plant stems and leaf stalks. This
structure enables the tissue to perform which function?
A. Allow root caps to extend root hairs into the soil
B. Allow water to flow upward through a plant
C. Allow stems and leaves to bend without breaking
D. Allow the chloroplasts in the cells to photosynthesize
Answers
4. Determine the time of protein synthesis from 20 amino acids in Escherichia coli cells
Answers
Answer:
E. coli can synthesize all of the amino acids from inorganic compounds and glucose but it is also capable of transporting intact amino acids into the cell from the extracellular environment.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
Protein synthesis, or translation, is the process by which cells synthesize proteins from amino acids using the information stored in their DNA. In Escherichia coli cells, protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes, which are small, specialized organelles that translate the genetic code in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids.
The time it takes to synthesize a protein from 20 amino acids will depend on a number of factors, including the size and complexity of the protein, the efficiency of the ribosomes, and the availability of the necessary amino acids and other resources. In general, the rate of protein synthesis in E. coli cells is relatively fast, with some ribosomes able to synthesize up to 20 amino acids per second. This means that it could potentially take only a few seconds to synthesize a small protein consisting of 20 amino acids. However, it is important to note that this is just a rough estimate and the actual time may vary depending on the specific circumstances.
Think about the gametes each parent plant will produce. List the allele in each gamete.
Parent plant with white flowers:
Gamete 1:
Gamete 2:
Gamete 3:
Gamete 4:
Parent plant with red flowers:
Gamete 1:
Gamete 2:
Gamete 3:
Gamete 4:
Answers
Gametes are the sex haploid cells produced by a diploid germ cell through meiotic division. Parent 1) Gamete 1: W, gamete 2: W, gamete 3: W, gamete 4: W. Parent 2) Gamete 1: w, gamete 2: w, gamete 3: w, gamete 4: w.
What are gametes?Gametes are sex haploid cells (n) that result from meiotic division. During meiosis, a diploid germ cells divides into four haploid cell -the gametes-.
Each gamete carries half the genetic material of its parental cell. It contains only one of the alleles.
In the exposed example, we need to determine the parental gametes of two snapdragon plants concerning flower color.
Snapdragon plants express incomplete dominance for flower color, meaning that
WW plants express white flowersww plants express red flowersWw plants express pink flowers.First, we need to determine the parental genotype of a cross between a homozygous plant for white flowers with a homozygous plant for red flowers.
Parental 1: WW ⇒ White phenotype
Parental 2: ww ⇒ Red phenotype
The whole progeny resulting from this cross will be pink, Ww.
Now, we need to determine the parental gametes.
Parent plant with white flowers: WWThe germ cell is WW. This cell divides into four haploid cells carrying only one of the alleles. So,
Gamete 1: W
Gamete 2: W
Gamete 3: W
Gamete 4: W
Parent plant with red flowers: wwThe germ cell is ww. Repeating the same reasoning as before, this diploid cell divides into four haploid cells carrying only one of the alleles. So,
Gamete 1: w
Gamete 2: w
Gamete 3: w
Gamete 4: w
Now we can make the Punnett square representing the cross and using these gametes.
Parentals) WW x ww
Gametes) W W w w
Punnett square)
W W
w Ww WW
w Ww Ww
F1) 100% Ww pink flowers
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Complete question:
Snapdragons are popular garden plants that produce brightly colored flowers. When a plant that is homozygous for white flowers is crossed with a plant that is homozygous for red flowers, all offspring are pink.
Snapdragons are an example of a plant that exhibits an inheritance pattern called incomplete dominance.
1. Determine the genotype of each parent plant and write them below. Use W to indicate the allele for white
flowers and w to indicate the allele for red flowers.
Genotype of homozygous parent plant with white flowers:
Genotype of homozygous parent plant with red flowers:
2. Next, think about the gametes each parent plant will produce. List the allele in each gamete.
Parent plant with white flowers:
Gamete 1:Gamete 2:Gamete 3:Gamete 4:Parent plant with red flowers:
Gamete 1:Gamete 2:Gamete 3:Gamete 4:3. The two parent plants are the P generation, or parent generation. Create a Punnett square to show their offspring, the F1 generation.
Genes A and B are farther apart than genes A and C, and all three genes are linked. Which of the following conclusions could be drawn from this information? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY Gene Cmight be between genes A and B. Gene B might be between genes A and C. Gene A might be between genes B and C. More crossovers will occur between genes A and C than between A and B More crossovers will occur between genes A and B than between genes A and C.
Answers
The following conclusions could be drawn from this information:
a) Gene C might be between genes A and B.
c) Gene A might be between genes C and B.
e) More crossovers will occur between genes A and B than between genes A and C
When two genes are located closer to each other on a chromosome and are passed down as a single unit. Then, those genes are referred to as linked genes. Genes are considered linked if their recombination frequency is less than 50%.
Given that the A and B genes are further apart than the C and A genes, the sequence could consist of A, C, and B genes. Option E is correct; the C gene may be situated between the A and B genes.
it is possible that A and B genes are further apart than A and C genes, indicating that A and B genes are further apart than A and C genes. Crossovers are more likely to occur between genes that are further apart. Because the distance between the A and B genes and the C genes is greater, there will be more crossover between the A and B genes than there is between the C and A genes. B is incorrect, whereas A is correct.
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x. There is no digestion of starch in the stomach because:
A the stomach contains hydrochloric acid.
B peristalsis is taking place.
C the stomach does not secrete a starch-digesting enzyme.
D salivary amylase does not work in acid conditions.
Answers
Answer:
C the stomach does not secrete a starch-digesting enzyme.
:)
Suppose you live in a tribal society, how might you use everyday forms of resistance (i.e., weapons of the weak) to
oppose the cultural changes brought about by globalization? Disucss TWO ways.
Answers
Answer:
There are many ways that people living in a tribal society might use everyday forms of resistance to oppose the cultural changes brought about by globalization. Here are two possible ways:
One way to resist globalizing forces is to preserve and maintain traditional cultural practices, such as religious ceremonies, music, dance, storytelling, and other forms of cultural expression. By continuing to engage in these activities and passing them down to younger generations, people can preserve their cultural heritage and resist the homogenizing effects of globalization.
Another way to resist globalizing forces is to use the power of collective action and organizing. For example, people in a tribal society might come together to form community organizations or advocacy groups that work to protect their rights and interests. These groups can engage in activities such as lobbying local and national governments, organizing protests and demonstrations, and raising awareness about the negative impacts of globalization on their communities. By working together, people can use their collective power to push back against the cultural changes brought about by globalization.
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Explanation:
Transcription of a part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of A-A-A-C-A-A-C-T-T results in a mRNA molecule with the complementary sequence of:
Answers
The molecule of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid).
Which of the following is most closely associated with hairlike receptors in the semicircular canals?
Answers
Hairlike receptors in the semicircular canals are most closely associated with the vestibular system. The vestibular system is responsible for maintaining balance and coordination. It is made up of three semicircular canals and the vestibule, which houses the organs of equilibrioception. The semicircular canals are filled with endolymphatic fluid and are lined with hair-like sensory receptors called cristaeampullaris.
These hair-like receptors detect any changes in the orientation of the head and relay this information to the brain. The cristaeampullaris are sensitive to angular acceleration, which is the rate of change in the head’s orientation. When the head moves, the endolymphatic fluid within the semicircular canals moves along with it, stimulating the cristaeampullaris and sending signals to the brain. This allows the brain to process the information and respond appropriately to maintain balance and coordination.
The vestibular system is also important for controlling eye movements. The semicircular canals are connected to the oculomotor nerve, which is responsible for controlling eye movements. When the head moves, the information from the cristaeampullaris is sent to the oculomotor nerve, which then sends signals to the eye muscles to cause them to move in the same direction as the head. This allows us to maintain eye contact with objects in our environment, even when our head is moving.
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The diagram summarizes the steps of photosynthesis inside chloroplasts. IF a chloroplast does not have enough hydrogen ions, which event will happen first?
• A. A decrease in the production of sugar
• B. An increase in the amount of chlorophyll
• C. An increase in the rate of the Calvin cycle
D. A decrease in the rate of the light reactions
Answers
If a chloroplast does not have enough hydrogen ions, there will be a decrease in the production of sugar that is present in Option A because glucose production needs lots of ATP.
What is the importance of the hydrogen ions?
The hydrogen ion gradient is generated when the electrons move in the light reaction through the different complexes, and then these ions move from the inside of the matrix to the outside and generate ATP with the help of ATP synthase. If hydrogen ions are absent, then ATP can't be formed and glucose synthesis is hampered.
Hence, if a chloroplast does not have enough hydrogen ions, there will be a decrease in the production of sugar that is present in Option A because glucose production needs lots of ATP.
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Answer:D
Explanation:I just had that question
13. How do babies get their homologous pairs of chromosomes, if an egg and sperm are only haploid (23
chromosomes)?
Answers
Answer:
When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting fertilized egg, or zygote, has a complete set of homologous pairs of chromosomes, with one set inherited from the mother's egg and one set inherited from the father's sperm. This happens because the egg and sperm each contain only one copy of each chromosome, rather than the full set of two copies that are found in the cells of the body. When the egg and sperm fuse, the resulting zygote has a full complement of chromosomes, with one copy of each chromosome from each parent.
Answer:
When a sperm and egg join during fertilization, the egg and sperm contribute their haploid set of chromosomes to form a diploid zygote. The haploid sets of chromosomes pair to form homologous pairs, with one chromosome in the team coming from the mother and the other from the father.
Explanation:
which of the following is thought to have been the first step in the origin of life? group of answer choices replication of primitive genes formation of polypeptide spheres formation of organic polymers formation of simple organic molecules
Answers
Formation of organic monomers such as amino acids is thought to have been the first step in the origin of life.
Single monomers do not exist in amino acids. They are basic compounds with an amino group and a carboxylic acid group confined to the same molecule. Instead, amino acids are protein monomers, which are long chains of amino acids joined together by amide bonds.
Protein—A large organic molecule with a complex structure. Proteins are polymers made up of monomers called amino acids.
Because they contain carbon, amino acids are organic monomers. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are common amino acid elements. Some amino acids contain other elements, such as sulfur.
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An expanse of sea away from land
Answers
The Sea is the name given to the body of salt water that encircles all of the land masses on Earth and covers the majority of its surface.
What Is the sea ?
The Sea is the name given to the body of salt water that encircles all of the land masses on Earth and covers the majority of its surface. Sea refers to the portion of the ocean that is partly encircled by land. There are also situations, like the Caspian Sea, when the sea is entirely landlocked.
What Is an Ocean ?
A large portion of a planet's hydrosphere is made up of oceans. Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface. The Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Antarctic Ocean are the world's five oceans.
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The correct question is -
Difference expanse of sea away from land.
The Atlantic ocean grows in size due to a _____.
• A. thrust boundary
• B. convergent boundary
• C. divergent boundary
• D. transform boundary
Answers
According to the research, the correct answer is Option C. The Atlantic ocean grows in size due to a divergent boundary.
What is a divergent boundary?It is characterized by two plates that move in the opposite direction, approaching each other.
In this sense, in general it can form both on the ocean floor for example, mid-oceanic ridges producing constant volcanic activity that is forming new oceanic lithosphere causing an expansion in the Atlantic Ocean.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, oceanic ridges (a divergent boundary), displace both segments of a ridge therefore the Atlantic ocean grows in size.
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The streamlined shape of the dolphin, seal and other swimming animals is most important for
A) overcoming the forces of gravity acting on the animal
B) reducing the mass of the animal's body
C) maintaining a consistent speed in the dense medium
D) reducing drag from the water they must swim through
Answers
D) reducing drag from the water they must swim through
The streamlined shape of dolphins, seals, and other swimming animals helps to reduce the drag that they experience as they move through the water. Drag is a type of force that acts in the opposite direction of motion, and it can significantly slow down an animal's movement through the water. By having a streamlined shape, these animals are able to minimize the amount of drag that they experience, which allows them to swim more efficiently and with less effort. This is especially important for animals that need to swim long distances or maintain a consistent speed in the water.\
D) reducing drag from the water they must swim through
The streamlined shape of dolphins, seals, and other swimming animals helps to reduce the drag that they experience as they move through the water. Drag is a type of force that acts in the opposite direction of motion, and it can significantly slow down an animal's movement through the water. By having a streamlined shape, these animals are able to minimize the amount of drag that they experience, which allows them to swim more efficiently and with less effort. This is especially important for animals that need to swim long distances or maintain a consistent speed in the water.
this grapelike out-pouching lined with epithelium and supported by a thin, elastic basement membrane is the site where gas exchange occurs in the lungs.
Answers
In the lungs, alveolus gas exchange takes place. when the site is a grapelike out-pouching that is epithelium-lined and supported by a thin, elastic basement membrane.
What illness causes bronchial constriction that causes wheezing and shortness of breath?Asthma or bronchial asthma is a lung condition. Excess mucus constricts and swells your airways, obstructing them. These symptoms may respond well to medication.
Which airways are able to constrict and dilate because they have smooth muscle in their walls but lack cartilage?While respiratory bronchioles are supported by cartilage, bronchioles have smooth muscle but no cartilage in their walls.
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A plant grown from a [round, yellow] seed is crossed with a plant grown from a [wrinkled, yellow] seed. This cross produces four progeny types in the F1:[round, yellow], [wrinkled, yellow], [round, green], and [wrinkled, green].use this information to deduce the genotypes of the parent plants. indicate the genotypes by dragging the correct label to the appropriate location.Here is what the question looks like if that helps: All it is asking for is the 2 parent genotypes but I'm not sure of the answer... if someone can explain and help me out I would appreciate it!
Answers
A plant grown from a [round, yellow] seed when crossed with a plant grown from a [wrinkled, yellow] seed ,that genotype is called as parent genotype.
The sort of variant present at a particular locus (i.e., locale) in the genome is scored by what is known as a genotype. Images can be utilized to represent it. The genuine DNA grouping, like CC, CT, or TT, can likewise act as a portrayal of a genotype. In a solitary examination, the genotypes at a large number of destinations in a genome can be resolved utilizing DNA sequencing and different strategies.
The cross likewise creates crumpled descendants, so the [round, yellow] parent should be heterozygous (Rr): On the off chance that it were RR, the offspring would be all Rr and have a round aggregate." - Dominating Hereditary qualities.
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(Complete question) is:
A plant grown from a [round, yellow] seed is crossed with a plant grown from a [wrinkled, yellow] seed. This cross produces four progeny types in the F1: [round, yellow], [wrinkled, yellow], [round, green], and [wrinkled, green]. Use this information to deduce the genotypes of the parent plants.
fi the label on a slide reads gram-positive bacillus, what would a student expect to see? a) pink helical cells b) purple rod shaped cells c) red spherical cells d) blue coiled cells
Answers
If the label on a slide reads gram-positive bacillus, the student is expected to see Purple rod shaped cells.
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that show a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is typically used to quickly characterize bacteria into two broad categories based on cell wall type. Gram-positive bacilli (rods) are classified based on their capability to produce spores. Bacillus and Clostridia are rods that produce spores. Spore-forming rods can survive in harsh surroundings for many years.
Although gram-negative bacteria are more difficult to eradicate, gram-positive bacteria could still lead to problems. Many species cause disease and necessitate the use of specific antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteria are those that remain purple. Gram-negative bacteria turn pink or red when exposed to light.
Gram-positive bacteria are those with a thick cell wall. They have a purple or blue appearance. This is because the cell wall retains the color of the staining technique
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Fossilized life forms which, according to Darwin, show a transition between one species and another are called...
answer choices
Distinct layers of rock
Index fossils
Intermediate links
Transitional forms
Answers
Your anwser is Transitional forms.
Dr. Berry, who employs the ecological approach to human development, is studying the relationship between the quality of parent-child interactions in the home and the success of children in school. Dr. Berry is studying development at the _________ level of environmental influence.
A) microsystem
B) mesosystem
C) exosystem
D) macrosystem
Answers
Dr. Berry was studying development in context of the mesosystem level of environmental influence.
What environment means?the totality of one's surroundings, situations, or influences; milieu. The environment that an organism is in at any particular time, including the air, water, minerals, creatures, and all other external variables.Who should protect the environment?As per the Article 51-A (g) of the Indian Constitution, "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife and to have compassion for living... ", environmental protection has been made a fundamental responsibility of every citizen of India.
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Explain the three stages of cellular respiration 
Answers
There are three main steps of cellular respiration: glycolysis; the citric acid (TCA) or the Krebs cycle; and the electron transport chain, where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen, while glycolysis can occur in anaerobic conditions.
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List three characteristics of tropical rain forests.
Answers
Answer:
Tropical rain forests are characterized by:
High humidity and rainfall: Tropical rain forests are characterized by high humidity and high rainfall, typically receiving more than 200 cm (80 inches) of rain per year. This high rainfall is due to the presence of warm, moist air that is constantly being carried inland from the oceans by trade winds.
Dense vegetation: Tropical rain forests are characterized by dense vegetation, including a wide variety of trees, vines, and other plants. The canopy of the rain forest, made up of the tops of the tallest trees, can be up to 50 meters (165 feet) above the ground.
High species diversity: Tropical rain forests are home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. These ecosystems are thought to contain more than half of all the species of plants, animals, and insects on the planet.
In addition to these characteristics, tropical rain forests are also characterized by their location, which is typically within the equatorial region of the planet, between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
7. Calculate the calories of the following foods
a. 200 g of cheese, whose composition is: 28% protein, 36% lipids and 0.3% carbohydrates
b. 300 g of meat that have 23.5% protein and 20.4% lipids
Answers
A. calories from 28% protein 36% lipids and 0.3% carbohydrates from 200g cheese are : 224 kcal, 648 kcal and 2.4 kcal respectively while, the total calorie is 874.4 kcal.
B. calories from 23.5% protein and 20.4% lipids in 300 g of meat are: 282 kcal and 550.8 kcal respectively while, the total calorie is 832.8 kcal.
What is calorie?Calories are a measure of energy. Two primary definitions of "calorie" are frequently used due to historical factors. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius is known as a big calorie, food calorie, or kilogram calorie.How is calorie calculated? By burning the meal, calories are not calculated in this approach directly. Instead, the sum of the calories delivered by the energy-containing nutrients—protein, carbohydrate, fat, and alcohol—is used to determine the total caloric value.For more information on calorie kindly visit on
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Many biological structures are composed of smaller units assembled into more complex structures
having functions based on their structural organization.
For THREE of the following complex structures, describe the smaller units, their assembly into the
larger structures, and one major function of these larger, organized structures. (a) A eukaryotic chromosome
(b) A mature angiosperm root
(c) A colony of bees
(d) An inner membrane of a mitochondrion (e) An enzyme
Answers
Bigger structure assembly, and one main function:
Eukaryotic chromosomes: Serve as bodies that can bind and absorb the colors contained in the cell nucleus. The order of the smallest to the largest, gene → DNA → chromosome → NucleusMitochondrial inner membrane: Serves to produce energy. From smallest to largest, mitochondrial matrix → inner member → space between members → outer memberEnzymes: Function to build muscles, destroy toxins, and break down food particles during the digestive process. The order of the order from smallest to largest, amino acids → polypeptide chain. These amino acids are made of carboxyl groups, R groups, carbon atoms, and amino groups.Traits passed from parent to child are stored in the genes. Physically, the gene itself is a sequence of nitrogenous bases contained in DNA. DNA is a type of nucleic acid with a double chain composed of a phosphate molecule, ribose sugar (5-carbon chain) of the deoxyribose type, and a nitrogenous base. The DNA strands then combine with histone proteins and non-histone proteins to form chromatin threads. These chromatin threads come together, condense, shorten, and condense to form chromosomes. At the time of cell division, chromosomes can be observed using a microscope. Chromosomes themselves are found in the cell nucleus or nucleus in eukaryotic cells and spread in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells.
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Based on the food web above, describe the most direct impact of a decrease in zooplankton population caused by microplastics.
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Answer:
Microplastics are abundant and widespread in the marine environment. They are a contaminant of global environmental and economic concern. Due to their small size a wide range of marine species, including zooplankton can ingest them. Research has shown that microplastics are readily ingested by several zooplankton taxa, with associated negative impacts on biological processes. Zooplankton is a crucial food source for many secondary consumers, consequently this represents a route whereby microplastic could enter the food web and transfer up the trophic levels. In this review we aim to: 1) evaluate the current knowledge base regarding microplastic ingestion by zooplankton in both the laboratory and the field; and 2) summarise the factors which contribute to the bioavailability of microplastics to zooplankton. Current literature shows that microplastic ingestion has been recorded in 39 zooplankton species from 28 taxonomic orders including holo- and meroplanktonic species. The majority of studies occurred under laboratory conditions and negative effects were reported in ten studies (45%) demonstrating effects on feeding behaviour, growth, development, reproduction and lifespan. In contrast, three studies (14%) reported no negative effects from microplastic ingestion. Several physical and biological factors can influence the bioavailability of microplastics to zooplankton, such as size, shape, age and abundance. We identified that microplastics used in experiments are often different to those quantified in the marine environment, particularly in terms of concentration, shape, type and age. We therefore suggest that future research should include microplastics that are more representative of those found in the marine environment at relevant concentrations. Additionally, investigating the effects of microplastic ingestion on a broader range of zooplankton species and life stages, will help to answer key knowledge gaps regarding the effect of microplastic on recruitment, species populations and ultimately broader economic consequences such as impacts on shell- and finfish stocks.
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