A 1.0-kb DNA fragment from the 5' end of the mouse gene is examined by DNA footprint protection analysis. Two samples are end-labeled with 32P, and one of the two is mixed with TFIIB, TFIID, and RNA polymerase II. Both samples are exposed to DNase I. The results are displayed below. The DNA exposed to proteins is run in the right-hand lane of the gel. Control DNA is in the left-hand lane.
Required:
What length of DNA is bound by the transcriptional proteins?
Answer:
Explanation:
Proteins, such as RNA (ribonucleic acid) polymerase, were loaded into lane 2. TFIIB and TFIID are two forms of TFII. These proteins attach to the fragment of DNA. Furthermore, these proteins shield DNA from the DNase enzyme, which may trigger DNA to split. As a result of the above findings, we may conclude that the inserting proteins(RNA polymerase, TFIID and TR 8 proteins) cover the area between 500 and 800 bp (base pair) in the DNase I footprinting experiment.
As a consequence, the length duration is 300bp since the promoter area is about 500-800bp and is not digested by DNase after incubation of inserting proteins.
write a short note on the ovary.
Extensive damage to oligodendrocytes in the CNS could result in reduced speed of nerve impulses. a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. loss of the structural framework of the brain. inability to produce scar tissue at the site of an injury. decreased production of cerebrospinal fluid.
Answer:
Loss of the structural framework of the brain.
Explanation:
Damage to oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system leads to the loss of the structural framework of the brain. oligodendrocytes produce the insulating sheath of axons and we know that axons are the nerve fiber that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. Axons are the primary transmission lines of the nervous system that carries impulse throughout the body so if the oligodendrocytes are damaged then our brain did not work properly.
If oligodendrocytes are damaged, the myelin sheaths around axons can be destroyed. This can lead to a loss of the structural framework of the brain, as the axons will no longer be properly insulated. Hence option C is correct.
Oligodendrocytes are glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that are responsible for myelinating axons. Myelin is a fatty sheath that surrounds axons and helps to speed up the conduction of nerve impulses.
The loss of the structural framework of the brain can cause a variety of neurological problems, including:
Reduced speed of nerve impulses. As mentioned above, myelin sheaths help to speed up the conduction of nerve impulses. Without myelin sheaths, nerve impulses will travel more slowly, which can cause problems with coordination, movement, and sensation.
Increased risk of seizures. Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. When the myelin sheaths around axons are damaged, it can increase the risk of seizures.
Cognitive impairment refers to a decline in thinking and memory skills. Damage to oligodendrocytes can lead to cognitive impairment, as the axons will no longer be able to function properly.
Therefore, option C) loss of the structural framework of the brain is correct.
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A scientist helps a colleague do a better experiment by:
O A. refusing to consider an alternative interpretation of results.
B. suggesting that unrepeatable results are still reliable.
C. making up observations that are hard to obtain directly
D. sharing the cost of an expensive tool or instrument.
Answer:
I think C
Explanation:
it is good reason
The scientist that helped to colleague for doing a good experiment when the expensive tool or instrument should be shared.
What is an experiment?An experiment refer to the procedure where it should be carried out for supporting or refuting a hypothesis. It provides the cause and effect relationship by represent the result that arise at the time when the specific factor should be changed.
And, when the expensive tool cost should be shared so the more good experiment should be conducted.
hence, the option d is correct and the rest options should be incorrect.
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Every cell in your body was produced through successive rounds of mitosis, starting from the zygote.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
I think that the correct answer is True
A solid is that form of matter that possesses the following
characteristics
a
Particles vibrate around fixed axes
b Definite shape
C Definite volume
d All of the above
Which of the following is the best example of an economic approach to reduce overfishing for a fish species with a declining population?
A The federal government sets a catch limit (per person or per boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught
B) A conservation agency creates marine parks where the area is a no-catch zone for the species so that the species can recover and population size can increase.
The state government introduces a subsidy for large fishing companies to help them afford to hire more crew members.
D) An educational group produces signs and video clips to encourage individuals to buy locally caught seafood and to avoid eating big fish like tuna and shark
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The fishing industry is a rapidly growing and expanding industry, which is concerned with the processing, preserving, selling, or culturing of fish products.
The correct answer is:
Option A. the federal government sets a catch limit (per person or boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught.
The Fishing industries in the United States are controlled by the:
Federal Government Fish and Game Commission LegislatureThe catch limit for the species is set by the federal government. The federal government supports the fisheries by improving coastal employment, food production, fisher's welfare, and sustainability of the fishing sector.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalyzes a reaction which yields products that regulate cell division; consequently, PP1 is a possible drug target to treat certain types of cancers. The PP1 enzyme cata- lyzes the hydrolysis of a phosphate group from myelin basic protein (MBP). The reaction is shown below:
PP1 MBP-phosphate-→ MBP+P,
The activity of PP1 was measured in the presence and absence of the inhibitor phosphatidic acid (PA). The concentration of PA was 300 nM. vo without PA vo with PA released . (mg/mL) mL"1 . min1) mL-1 . min-1) 0.00381 0.00620 0.00931 0.0140 0.010 0.0209 0.0335 0.0419 0.0838 0.015 0.025 0.050
(a) Use the data provided to construct a Lineweaver-Burk plot for the PP1 enzyme in the presence and absence of PA. What kind of inhibitor is PA?
(b) Report the KM and Vmax values for PP1 in the presence and absence of the inhibitor.
Answer:
Explanation:8iikk
What patterns do you see for atmospheric carbon dioxide?
Explain your answer.''
Answer:
So.... Because of its molecular structure, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which means it allows visible light from the Sun to pass through the atmosphere while absorbing and reemitting infrared energy, heating the Earth.
Explanation:
This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle. What do the two arrows represent?
A.Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.
B.Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.
C.Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.
D.Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.
About the question:
You will find the model of the cell cycle in the attached files
Answer:
A. Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.
Explanation:
When we talk about the cell cycle, we refer to the interphase and the cell division (mitosis or meiosis).
Interphase: Represented by arrow 1.
The interphase is the previous step before mitosis occurs. The interphase is conformed of the G1, S, and G2 stages.
• During the G1 stage, it occurs a high intense biochemical activity. The cell duplicates its size, and the organelles and other molecules and cytoplasmatic structures also double. Some structures, such as microtubules and actin filaments, are synthesized from zero. The endoplasmic reticulum increases in size and produces a membrane for the Golgi complex and vacuoles, lysosomes, and vesicles. During this stage, the pair of centrioles separate, and each centriole duplicates. Mitochondria and chloroplasts also replicate.
• During the S stage, the DNI replication process occurs. This is the only stage in which the DNI molecule replicates. The synthesis of histones and other associated proteins also occurs.
• G2 stage is the interphase last step. DNI molecule begins to slowly condensate. The centrioles duplication process completes. The spindle fibers get assembled.
Once the whole interphase is completed, mitosis occurs.
Mitosis: Represented in the cycle by arrow 2.
Mitosis is a process by which, from a diploid somatic cell (2n), two daughter diploid cells (2n) are produced. During mitosis, the whole-cell first duplicates and then separates. Mitosis is divided into four phases (these phases are shown in the cycle with different gray color tones). During prophase, chromosomes condensate, and the nuclear membrane breaks. During the metaphase, fibers of the spindle apparatus take chromosomes toward the equatorial cell plane, where they line up. Sister chromatids are holden together until they reach the Anaphase, during which specialized enzymes break the bonds between chromatids and separate them. Each chromatid migrates to one of the poles. In telophase, the new chromosomes are already in the corresponding poles, and the nuclear membrane forms again in each pole. Finally, cytokinesis occurs.
what is a scienctific theory
Answer:
" A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Such fact-supported theories are not "guesses" but reliable accounts of the real world."
Explanation:
- Eijiro <3
Explain why atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are expected to increase in the future.
Answer:
because of factories and cars and smoking
Explanation:
Water flow improves in the aftermath of a forest fire because
rain always puts out fires.
no living organisms survive fires, decreasing demand.
they clear the land, allowing more water to flow over it.
much of the water in a local watershed will be used to fight the fire.
A major impact of combustion on water quality is the potential for increased precipitation. Runoff can carry suspended soil particles, dissolved inorganic nutrients, and other materials into nearby rivers and lakes, degrading water quality and damaging fish habitat.
Park Williams, an associate professor of geography at UCLA and lead author of the study, said wildfires burn vegetation that would otherwise draw water from the ground and block precipitation before it reaches the ground. said to improve the flow.
Wildfires increase the vulnerability of watersheds to flooding and erosion, causing short-term and long-term damage to water supplies. may have an impact. The increased cost of treatment, the need for alternative medicine, and reduced storage capacity. Fire as a destructive force can rapidly consume large amounts of biomass and cause adverse effects such as soil erosion, post-fire water runoff, and air pollution.
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Answer: The correct answer is they clear the land, allowing more water to flow over it.
Explanation: Confirmed correct.
Forest fires clear the underbrush and branches from the forest floor, improving the water flow and saturation.
•______- a kingdom of _____ organisms known as ______ (have no nucleus). These are the main bacteria you hear of like staph, Strep and Salmonella that commonly come in contact with you.
2 meters squared
inhospitable
withstand
sweat
Staphylococcal
How are living organisms linked within an ecosystem? A. by their physical adaptations B. by what they eat C. by their size D. by their habitat
ILL GIVE BRAINLIST!!!PLEASE HELP!!
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Living Organisms in an ecosystem have a food chain or energy chain. This chain links all organisms within an ecosystem, therefore, answer B "By what they eat" should be the correct answer
Organisms are linked within an ecosystem by their physical adaptations.
What is physical adaptation?
Physical adaptations are special body parts that help a plant or animal survive in an environment.A physical adaptation is some type of structural modification made to a part of the body. A behavioral adaptation is something an animal does - how it acts - usually in response to some type of external stimulus.what is an Ecosystem?An ecosystem is made up of all species and the physical context in which they interact.Nutrient cycles and energy flows connect these biotic and abiotic components. Photosynthesis enters the system, absorbing energy and storing it in plant tissue.Animals assist in the transmission of nutrients and energy throughout the system by eating plants and each other. Both external and internal factors have an impact on ecosystems.
The availability of diverse resources within the ecosystem is determined by internal factors, whilst resource inputs are usually governed by external activities. Ecosystem mechanisms thus regulate as well as control interior elements.
so the correct answer is option A.
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Circle the trisomy shown on
this karyotope.
Answer: 13 is a trisomy
Explanation:
Which are consumers?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
a Producers
b Grazers
С
Predators
d Scavengers
e Photosynthesizing plants
f Decomposers
Answer:
b,c,d,f
Explanation:
they are the ones who consume the produce
1. What happens in any chemical change?
2. List three signs that a chemical change has occurred.
3. Give an example of a chemical change. Explain why you think it is a chemical change.
4. Why can chemical changes often not be reversed?
dsadasd das sad afsasdasdsa?
I am sorry what?????
what language is this?
How many amperes of current will flow in a circuit if the voltage difference is 9V and the resistance in the circuit is 3Ω
Help me please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Explanation:
B one is the correct answer
Answer:
I think it's X
Explanation:
The rotation of the earth causes winds to shift and ocean currents to change. This is an example of?
A) inertia.
B) cyclones.
C) acceleration.
D) topographical variation
Answer:
d) topographical variation
Explanation:
in evolutionary terms, what is fitness?
Answer:
To an evolutionary biologist, fitness simply means reproductive success and reflects how well an organism is adapted to its environment.
Question: 1-7
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stem in a plant?
o absorb water
store nutrients
produce new plant cells
O support flowers and leaves
Answer: Absorb water
Explanation: i took the quiz the other guy is wrong
Absorbing the water from soil is function of root and not a stem. Thus, option B is correct.
What is stem?The structural part of plant, that supports leaves, flowers, and fruits is called as stem. Stems are frequently differentiated for storage, asexual reproduction, protection, or photosynthesis.
The stem is divided into nodes and internodes. Node consist of buds and leaves, that can grow into the branches. It also gives rise to adventitious roots. The function of internode is to distance one node from another.
Stem supports and uprights leaves, flowers and fruits. The stem keeps the leaves in the light and provides the plant with a place to hold the flowers and fruit. It transports fluid between xylem and phloem roots and shoots. Therefore, transportation of water and nutrients is the function of stem, and not absorption. Hence, option B is correct.
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Group the following into the appropriate range of measurement.
a. atomic
b. ultramicroscopic
c. microscopic
d. macroscopic
Match each of the options above to the items below.
1. roundworm, algae
2. protozoan, rickettsia
3. herpesvirus, DNA
4. hydrogen atom, glucose molecule
Answer:
Hydrogen atom & glucose molecule --- atomic.
Herpesvirus, DNA --- ultramicroscopic.
Protozoan, Rickettsia - microscopic.
Roundworm and algae --- macroscopic
Explanation:
1) Hydrogen atom & glucose molecule --- atomic.
The atomic size level, which interacts with atoms as well as small molecules, is much lower than the ultramicroscopic range.
2) Herpesvirus, DNA --- ultramicroscopic.
Ultramicroscopic particles are very tiny structures that cannot be seen using a conventional optical microscope, necessitating the use of an electron microscope. Viruses and DNA falls into this group since they are much smaller than tiny species like bacteria.
3) Protozoan, Rickettsia - microscopic.
Microscopic species are much smaller than macroscopic organisms because they cannot be observed by the naked human eye and must be viewed through a microscope. The size range for microscopic particles is [tex]( 10^3 \ \ to \ \ 10^{10})[/tex], which contains protozoans and Rickettsia (a gram-negative, non-motile bacteria genus).
4) Roundworm and algae --- macroscopic
Naked eyes can see macroscopic organisms; for example, several types of circular worms and algae can be seen by them.
B. What is the mass number and charge of the emitted positron?
Mass number:
Charge:
Answer: A positron or antielectron is the antimatter counterpart to an electron. A positron has the equal or same mass as an electron and a spin of 1/2, but it has an electrical charge of +1.
Explanation:
Which of the following is a true statement? Physical property change is always better than chemical property change.
o Physical and chemical propery change can happen at the same time.
Chemical property change is better than physical property change.
Answer:
the second one
Explanation:
Sometimes it can be tricky to know whether or not a chemical reaction has occurred. For example, when you melt ice into water, you can write the process in terms of a chemical reaction. However, the chemical formula on both sides of the reaction is the same. Since the chemical identity of the matter in question is unchanged, this process represents a physical change.
Thus melting point is a physical property. On the other hand, flammability is a chemical property of matter because the only way to know how readily a substance ignites is to burn it. In the chemical reaction for combustion, the reactants and products are different.
none are better, depending on for what
What adaptation helps the pine tree reduce water loss?
leaves
thorns
Seeds in cones
Woody stems
Answer:hojas
Explanation:
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Pine trees thankfully have needles, which are thin, waxy leaves that enable them to make food year-round. The waxiness of the needles helps evergreens not lose water to evaporation.
mixing carbon and iron to make steel is a physical change or chemical change
In your experiment, you found the following offspring only:Tall green: 626 offspring.Tall yellow: 313 offspring.Short green: 309 offspring.Stay with your original hypothesis/assumption, test it using chi2 test and analyze the result (whether you want to reject the hypothesis and why).(6p)
Complete question:
1. You found a new species of garden pea and have decided to repeat Mendel’s experiments. You have obtained two true-breeding pea plants that are tall (T) with yellow pods (g), and short (t) with green pods (G), respectively. Capital letters indicate dominant traits.
a. What is the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation? (2p)
b. You allowed self-fertilization in F1 generation and obtained F2 generation. Using Punnett square to obtain the phenotypes, genotypes and their respective ratios. (4p)
2. If you obtained 1248 offspring in the F2 generation in Question 1, calculate how many offspring of each phenotypic class you would expect to have. (4p)
3. When you finish questions 1 and 2, under what assumption/hypothesis did you perform your analysis/calculation? Is there an alternative assumption/hypothesis, which may result in a different conclusion? If yes, what is the alternative assumption/hypothesis and what kind of offspring and in what numbers do you expect to obtain? (4p)
4. You only need to answer A or B to get this 6p. Please indicate which question you are answering. In your experiment, you found the following offspring only: Tall green: 626 offspring. Tall yellow: 313 offspring. Short green: 309 offspring.
A: If you stay with your original hypothesis/assumption, test it using chi2 test and analyze the result (whether you want to reject the hypothesis and why).
B: If you believe that the alternative hypothesis fits better with your data, test it using chi2 test and analyze the result (whether you want to accept the hypothesis and why).
Answer:
1) a. 100% of the progeny will be dihybrid, TtGg, exhibiting the phenotype
Tall plants with green pods.
b. F2 Gentotype:
1/16 TTGG2/16 TTGg1/16 TTgg2/16 TtGG4/16 TtGg2/16 Ttgg1/16 ttGG2/16 ttGg1/6 ttggF2 Phenotype:
9/16 Tall plants with green pods (T-G-)3/16 Tall plants with yellow pods (T-gg)3/16 Short plants with green pods (ttG-)1/16 Short plants with yellow pods (ttgg)Phenotypic ratio → 9:3:3:1
2) T-G- → 702 individuals
T-gg → 234 individuals
ttG- → 234 individuals
ttgg → 78 individuals
3)
Null Hypothesis: The population is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The alleles of this population assort independently.Alternative Hypothesis: The population is not in equilibrium. Alleles do not assort independently.4) a. There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis, meaning that the difference between the observed number of individuals and the expected ones is statistically significant. The population is not under equilibrium H-W. Alleles do not assort independently.
Explanation:
1) 1st Cross: True-breeding tall (T) with yellow pods (g) pea plant with a short (t) with green pods (G) plant
Tall and Green pods are the dominant traits,Short and yellow pods are recessive traits.Parentals) TTgg x ttGG
Gametes) Tg, Tg, Tg, Tg tG, tG, tG, tG
F1) 100% of the progeny will be dihybrid, TtGg, exhibiting the phenotype
Tall plants with green pods.
2nd Cross: F1 self-fertilization
Parentals) TtGg x TtGg
Gametes) TG, Tg, tG, tg
TG, Tg, tG, tg
Punnett square) TG Tg tG tg
TG TTGG TTGg TtGG TtGg
Tg TTGg TTgg TtGg Ttgg
tG TtGG TtGg ttGG ttGg
tg TtGg Ttgg ttGg ttgg
F2) Gentotype:
1/16 TTGG2/16 TTGg1/16 TTgg2/16 TtGG4/16 TtGg2/16 Ttgg1/16 ttGG2/16 ttGg1/6 ttggPhenotype:
9/16 Tall plants with green pods (T-G-)3/16 Tall plants with yellow pods (T-gg)3/16 Short plants with green pods (ttG-)1/16 Short plants with yellow pods (ttgg)Phenotypic ratio → 9:3:3:1
2) The total number of individuals in the F2 is 1248.
16 ----------------- 1248 individuals --------------- 100% of the progeny
9 T-G- ----------- X = 702 individuals-------------X = 56.25%
3 T-gg ----------- X = 234 individuals ----------- X = 18.75%
3 ttG- ------------- X = 234 individuals ---------- X = 18.75%
1 ttgg ------------- X = 78 individuals ------------ X = 6.25%
3)
Hypothesis: The population is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The alleles of this population assort independently.Alternative Hypothesis: The population is not in equilibrium. Alleles do not assort independently4) F2 composed of:
Tall green: 626 offspring. Tall yellow: 313 offspring. Short green: 309 offspring.Tall/Green Tall/Yellow Short/Green Short/Yellow
Observed 626 313 309 0
Expected 702 234 234 78
(Obs-Exp)²/Exp 8.23 26.7 24 78
X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = 8.23 + 23.7 + 24 + 78 = 136.93 ≅ 137
Freedom degrees = genotypes - number of alleles = 9 - 4 = 5
Significance level, 5% = 0.05
Table value/ Critical value = 11.07
X² = 137
X² > Critica value
137 > 11.07
There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis, meaning that the difference between the observed number of individuals and the expected ones is statistically significant. The population is not under equilibrium H-W. Alleles do not assort independently.