Answer:
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that we don't see or feel because its effects are happening underwater. At least one-quarter of the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by burning coal, oil and gas doesn't stay in the air, but instead dissolves into the ocean. Since the beginning of the industrial era, the ocean has absorbed some 525 billion tons of CO2 from the atmosphere, presently around 22 million tons per day.
At first, scientists thought that this might be a good thing because it leaves less carbon dioxide in the air to warm the planet. But in the past decade, they’ve realized that this slowed warming has come at the cost of changing the ocean’s chemistry. When carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, the water becomes more acidic and the ocean’s pH (a measure of how acidic or basic the ocean is) drops. Even though the ocean is immense, enough carbon dioxide can have a major impact. In the past 200 years alone, ocean water has become 30 percent more acidic—faster than any known change in ocean chemistry in the last 50 million years.
Scientists formerly didn’t worry about this process because they always assumed that rivers carried enough dissolved chemicals from rocks to the ocean to keep the ocean’s pH stable. (Scientists call this stabilizing effect “buffering.”) But so much carbon dioxide is dissolving into the ocean so quickly that this natural buffering hasn’t been able to keep up, resulting in relatively rapidly dropping pH in surface waters. As those surface layers gradually mix into deep water, the entire ocean is affected.
Such a relatively quick change in ocean chemistry doesn’t give marine life, which evolved over millions of years in an ocean with a generally stable pH, much time to adapt. In fact, the shells of some animals are already dissolving in the more acidic seawater, and that’s just one way that acidification may affect ocean life. Overall, it's expected to have dramatic and mostly negative impacts on ocean ecosystems—although some species (especially those that live in estuaries) are finding ways to adapt to the changing conditions.
However, while the chemistry is predictable, the details of the biological impacts are not. Although scientists have been tracking ocean pH for more than 30 years, biological studies really only started in 2003, when the rapid shift caught their attention and the term "ocean acidification" was first coined. What we do know is that things are going to look different, and we can't predict in any detail how they will look. Some organisms will survive or even thrive under the more acidic conditions while others will struggle to adapt, and may even go extinct. Beyond lost biodiversity, acidification will affect fisheries and aquaculture, threatening food security for millions of people, as well as tourism and other sea-related economies.
Answer:
Source 1: What Is Ocean Acidification? published by NOAA
Source 2: Ocean Acidification published by Wikipedia
Explanation:
plato
Starting with the European settlers, humans have introduced earthworms from Europe and Asia into North American forests. These introductions continue through the transport of soil that contains non-native earthworms, such as during construction and through the release of non-native earthworms used for fishing. The effects of non-native earthworms are especially large in forests that did not have any native earthworms. For example, forests of the Great Lakes region did not previously have earthworms until humans introduced them. When non-native earthworms are introduced, the thick layer of leaf litter disappears quickly, thereby altering biogeochemical cycles. You conduct an experiment to compare the nitrogen cycle in soils with and without non-native earthworms. Predict the results of your experiment.
Answer:
The soils with earthworms will show a faster rate of ammonification
Explanation:
Originally, the nitrogen released by organisms when they die (or excrete waste products) is organic nitrogen, e.i., amino acids and nitrogenous bases in DNA. Ammonification is the property that decomposer organisms have to mineralize organic nitrogen in order to produce inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4+). In agroecosystems, earthworm activity can increase the ammonification rate. For example, Lumbricus terrestris is an invasive earthworm (which is native to Europe) that has been shown to increase both ammonification and nitrification (nitrate production) rates in the soil of different ecosystems.
7. A scientist is investigating using a chemical that will destroy lysosomes within cells.
A student presents an argument as to the importance of lysosomes. Which of the
following statements would be a valid justification to support the student's argument?
A. Lysosomes are needed to digest biomolecules
B. Lysosomes are needed to store energy
C. Lysosomes are needed to package proteins
D. Lysosomes are needed to synthesize proteins
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Lysosomes break down cell parts when needed, and can self-destruct the cell. Organelles are made of biomolecules, the building blocks of life. Therefore, A is the answer. Hope it helps :)
When the gene encoding a certain cytoskeleton protein is deleted, the resulting mutant cells round up and do not form their normal appendages. These mutants can be rescued when a gene encoding an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion of the protein is expressed, but not when a gene encoding a C-terminal GFP fusion is expressed. Which fusion protein is appropriate to use in studying cellular localization and activity
Answer: N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP)
Explanation:
Protein synthesis takes place in ribosomes located in the cell cytoplasm, in which amino acids are transported by transfer RNA corresponding to each amino acid to the messenger RNA where they bind in the appropriate position to form new proteins. The messenger RNA has a sequence of nucleotides that are translated into protein, as each codon (set of three amino acids) codes for one amino acid.
Genes are the storage units of genetic information, so they are segments of DNA that contain the information on how the cells of the organism should function. Each gene codes for a protein, so if a gene is damaged or absent, the protein will not be obtained. In this case, mutant cells with a deleted gene, will round up and wont form their normal appendages. This mutation can be rescued or repaired with a gene that encodes an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion of the protein. The N-terminal end is the amino-terminal end and it refers to the end of a protein that ends with an amino acid that has a free amino group. The C-terminus or carboxyl-terminus is the end of a protein that ends in a carboxyl group. The convention for writing peptides is to place the C-terminal end to the right and write the sequence from the N- to the C-terminal end. So, when an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion of the protein is expressed, the gene will produce the protein with a GFP tag.
GFP is Green Fluorescent Protein, and it is a protein produced by the jellyfish Aequorea victoria that emits bioluminescence in the green region of the visible spectrum. When a gene is fused to another gene (at either the N- or C-terminus, although in this case it is the N-terminus), the entire messenger RNA is translated together as if it were a single fused protein. Thereby, since the protein will be produce with a GFP tag, it can be seen under the microscope and it will be apropiate to use in studying cellular localization and activity.
There are some considerations that this problem does not question, such as that there must be a start codon for protein synthesis and a stop codon, and this stop codon must not be in the middle of the gene or between the gene and the GFP tag.
Describe the characteristics of the keratinocyte membrane that restrict water movement across the membrane. If isolated keratinocytes are placed in a hypotonic solution for 24 hours, explain why there are likely to be far fewer cells at the end of this time than there were at the start.
Answer:
It has four layers and attach with each other with desmosome.
Explanation:
The keratinocytes are arranged in four different layers which are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. These cells are attached with desmosome which is a membrane protein. The presence of these four layers made a barrier against damage done by heat, UV radiation, water loss, pathogens etc. There are fewer cells at the end of the time as compared to the start because may be of the water pressure on the membrane or these cells for a long time.
The digestive system of most birds includes a structure called the gizzard. The
gizzard crushes and grinds food, often with the help of small stones that the bird
has swallowed.
Which of the following structures in the human digestive system has a function most
similar to that of a bird's gizzard?
F esophagus
G large intestine
H small intestine
J teeth
Answer:
the small intestine
Explanation:
the small intestine breaks down food and export it to the large into the large intestine.
the large intestine converts the food into turd aka poop.
what type of organism is Eospirifer?
Answer:
Its a fossil that is in the section of Rhynchonellata
Fruiting Bodies of Fungi The recognizable forms of fungal reproductive bodies, or fruiting bodies, encountered in nature vary structurally. Common forms of fungal fruiting bodies include trumpet, club fungus, bracket, cup fungus, gill fungus, bolete, puff ball, and stinkhorn. Close observation of fruiting body anatomy can lend clues during identification of a species. Differing species of fungi can appear similar, and it is never advised to eat a wild mushroom because poisonous varieties can resemble edible ones.
1. Fungal fruiting bodies, or reproductive bodies, have different structural forms.
a. true
b. false
2. Many experiments require student-supplied items, such as _____.
Answer to Question 1:
True
Explanation
As indicated in the passage, fruiting bodies of fungi differ structurally. However, different species can appear to be similar and often misleading thus creating the risk of food poisoning.
Question 2:
Many experiments require student-supplied items, such as _____.
1. Chicken
2. Fresh flowers
3. Distilled water
4. All of the Above.
Answer to Question 2:
The correct answer is 3.
Explanation
Water comes in varying degrees of purity. When water that contains other substrates or impurities is used for an experiment, it distorts the results and creates errors. So the scientist's ability to determine the root of a problem becomes enervated.
Using distilled water impurities removes the possibility of such an error. Distilled water is also used for cleaning laboratory equipment.
Cheers
Cell cycle is divided into two basic phases. What are they??
take 50 points
Describe DNA synthesis in detail
Answer:
DNA synthesis is the biological process by which a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is created. In the cell, each of the two strands of the DNA molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand.
Answer:
The discovery of the double-helical nature of DNA by Watson & Crick explained how genetic information could be duplicated and passed on to succeeding generations. The strands of the double helix can separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of daughter strands. In conservative replication the two daughter strands would go to one daughter cell and the two parental strands would go to the other daughter cell. In semiconservative replication one parental and one daughter strand would go to each of the daughter cells.
Through experimentation it was determined that DNA replicates via a semiconservative mechanism. There are three possible mechanisms that can explain DNA's semiconservative replication.
(a) DNA synthesis starts at a specific place on a chromosome called an origin. In the first mechanism one daughter strand is initiated at an origin on one parental strand and the second is initiated at another origin on the opposite parental strand. Thus only one strand grows from each origin. Some viruses use this type of mechanism.
(b) In the second mechanism replication of both strands is initiated at one origin. The site at which the two strands are replicated is called the replication fork. Since the fork moves in one direction from the origin this type of replication is called unidirectional. Some types of bacteria use this type of mechanism.
(c) In the third mechanism two replication forks are initiated at the origin and as synthesis proceeds the two forks migrate away from one another. This type of replication is called bi-directional. Most organisms, including mammals, use bi-directional replication.
• 1. What is the difference between a gamete and a zygote?
• 2. Are gametes haploid or diploid? Are zygotes haploid or diploid?
• 3. What occurs at fertilization?
• 4. Define diploid and haploid.
• 5. What characterizes sexual reproduction?
• 6. What characterizes asexual reproduction?
• 7. What type of reproduction occurs in prokaryotes?
• 8. What is somatic tissue? What is germ-line tissue?
• 9. What do somatic cell lines and germ-cell producing cell lines have in common? What makes them different?
• 10. What happens in each stage of Meiosis I and Meiosis I1?
• 11. How does each stage of Meiosis compare to Mitosis?
• 12. Describe three ways that meiosis contributes to genetic diversity in a species?
Answer:
Explanation:
A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell that fuses with another gamete of opposite strain to form a diploid
zygote.
A zygote is a cell formed by the fusion of the male and female gamete before it undergoes division.
gametes are haploid while a zygote is diploid.
There is exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction and fusion of gametes. Meiosis is also involved.
The opposite occurs in asexual reproduction and mitosis is involved instead.
Asexual reproduction is common in prokaryotes eg bacteria.
is the earth flat or not
Answer:
its not flat
Explanation:
Answer:
Hello There!!
Explanation:
The Earth is not flat but it is round.
hope this helps,have a great day!!
~Pinky~
How do landfills impact groundwater? A. litter
B. Sharp metal and glass get in the soil.
C. Liquids leak into the ground.
D. Landfills do not impact groundwater.
Answer: c. Liquids leak into the ground
Explanation:
The characteristic of a muscle to be stretched is known as
O a. contractility.
b. extensibility.
c. elasticity.
d. excitability
what name is given to an enzyme which catalyses' the breakdown of proteins?
Answer:
Proteases
Explanation:
Pro - protein
eases - enzyme
Will give brainliest
Below are two sequences of a segment of DNA.
Normal sequence CAT TAC ACC
Mutated sequence CTT TAC ACC
Which type of mutation has occurred?
Choose 1 answer:
A deletion is the removal of a nucleotide from a DNA sequence.
(Choice B)
B
Nonsense mutation
(Choice C)
C
Insertion mutation
(Choice D)
D
Substitution mutation
Answer:
D
Explanation:
CAT= CTT
A was substituted by T
It didn't stop, can't be B
It didn't add more letters to the sequence, can't be C
What is the answer to that question
Answer:
D. Steps to use for doing the Heimlich maneuver
Explanation:
That's what the section is talking about.
Organisms can adapt
A.to other organisms
B. To their physical surroundings
C. To selective breeding
D. Both a and b
Answer:
ta and b both
hope it will help you
Explanation:
b. to their physical surroundings
hope this helps you ☺️☺️
pretty please answer!! giving brainliest to the one who is correct first!!!
What is the function of the raphe in diatoms?
a.
defense
b.
photosynthesis
c.
capturing food
d.
locomotion
Answer:
Locomotion
Explanation:
I am not sure but it will be helpful. Thank You !!!
Different measurements are expressed in different units. Cheese the corect si units for the following types of
measurement
The SI units for measuring the velocity of the car
The SI units for measuring the acceleration of the cars
The SI units for measuring force:
The SI units for measuring mass:
Answer:
The SI units for measuring the velocity of the car is "M/s"The SI units for measuring the acceleration of the cars is "M/s2The SI units for measuring force: Newton(N) The SI units for measuring mass: kgA test tube is filled with water and a green plant called Elodea. When the plant is exposed to sunlight, it begins to produce bubbles. What is the most likely conclusion for the identity of the gas in the bubbles? Explain.
Answer:
The correct answer is - oxygen.
Explanation:
The experiment of a test tube and elodea plant in which a plant of elodea is placed in a test tube filled with water and exposed to the sunlight and one is placed in the dark. The plant that is exposed to the sunlight starts forming a gas that can be seen as bubbles in the test tube.
This experiment shows the process of photosynthesis that converts sunlight into glucose with the help of carbon dioxide and water and produces oxygen as a byproduct that releases from the plants.
Thus, the gas that forms in the test tube in the form of bubble is oxygen which is released in the process of photosynthesis.
QUESTION 12
neuronal pool that might rely on fatigue to end its impulse propagation is a:
A. converging circuit
B. diverging circuit
C. oscillating circuit
D. parallel after-discharge circuit
E. circuit breaker
What relationship do the deer and rabbits have in common with the squirrels and chipmunks?
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Makali and his parents recently emigrated from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. His family is part of the famous Fore tribe; after living in the tribe for most of their lives, they decided to give Makali a different life in the United States. His mother starts to cry as she recalls that both her parents died in the kuru epidemic that made the tribe famous, and she is terrified that Makali might be coming down with kuru. His father interjects to say that it is not possible and that he is far more concerned that Makali has some other infectious disease to which he had never previously been exposed.
His father says that Makali had a severe allergic reaction to the tetanus/pertussis booster shot as a child and has been unable to be re-vaccinated due to the risk of anaphylactic shock. Therefore, Makali may be susceptible to whooping cough (pertussis). This would not have been a concern 10 years ago, but vaccination rates for whooping cough have plummeted in the United States, eliminating herd immunity and sparking a return of the disease in some regions. Ironically, vaccination rates in the Fore tribe are much higher than in the United States, so Makali's parents had concerns about coming to the United States, which is falling behind other countries in this area of basic medical care!
One of the doctors you are working with says that checking immunoglobulin (Ig) levels should reveal if there is a serious infection. He also points out that kuru does not cause immunoglobin levels to rise. If Makali does have kuru, a brain biopsy may be required to make a definitive diagnosis.
1. Select the next step or steps that would be appropriate to diagnose Makali?
a. Test immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM) levels in the blood for signs of infection.
b. Perform a brain biopsy.
c. Interview one of Makali's friends to ask about the day he first became sick.
2. Which statement most accurately describes the citric acid cycle?
a. It is an unregulated process, like an intersection without signal lights.
b. It is the main center of ATP production during anaerobic metabolism.
c. It plays a central role in key metabolic processes in the cell, with many metabolic intermediates leaving and entering.
d. It serves a catabolic role only, which is to generate ATP and reducing equivalents for cellular energy needs.
Answer:
Explanation:
It is important we understand what is immunoglobulin test.
Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are measured by the test carried out in the blood. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to combat pathogens such as viruses and bacteria that cause disease. Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by the body to combat various substances.
The immunoglobulin assay tests three forms of immunoglobulins in total. IgG, IgM, and IgA are the three types of antibodies. IgG, IgM, and IgA levels that are too low or too high may indicate a severe health condition.
Thus, from the above question; the next step that would be appropriate is:
Assuming the test uncovers an increase in immunoglobulin, it demonstrates contamination or infection. Thus, a fitting treatment ought to be begun against the infection.
However, suppose the text doesn't uncover an increase in immunoglobulin and assuming he shows manifestations of symptoms, then the brain biopsy ought to be performed to affirm the diagnosis of kuru.
(2)
The citric acid cycle is the metabolic center of the cell. It is the doorway to the aerobic metabolism of any molecule that can be changed into an acetyl group or a part of the citric acid cycle. The cycle is additionally a significant wellspring of prototype for building blocks of numerous different molecules like amino acid and nucleotide base.
Thus, the best accurate statement is: Option C
Predation and parasitism are similar because in both predation and parasitism -
both organisms are harmed in some way.
one organism is harmed while the other benefits.
one organism is neither harmed nor benefits.
both organisms receive a benefit.
Answer: on organism is harmed while to the other benefits
Explanation:
Predation and parasitism are similar because, in both predation and parasitism, one organism is harmed while the other benefits. Therefore, option B is correct.
What are predation and parasitism?The act of eating all or a portion of the body of another organism, the prey, is known as predation. Herbivory is the term for predatory behavior in which the prey is a plant.
When one creature, the parasite, feeds on another, the host, hurting or even killing the host, the connection is said to be parasitism. The parasite stays within or on the host's body. Tapeworms, fleas, and barnacles are a few examples of parasites.
Thus, predation and parasitism are similar because, in both predation and parasitism, one organism is harmed while the other benefits. Therefore, option B is correct.
Learn more about predation, here:
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what is the natural cause of wild fores
Explanation:
Naturally occurring wildfires are most frequently caused by lightning. Also, volcanic, meteor, and coal seam fires depending on the circumstances.
Andrew did a mutant screen with his favorite bacterium that he used for marine phage hunting. He identified three base-substitution mutations on the bacterial recA gene:
Mutant A: A base substitution occurred, which changed T to C, and consequentially abolished transcription of the recA gene.
Mutant B: A base substitution, which changed codon 2 from ACC to ACT, which did not change encoded amino acid.
Mutant C: A base substitution occurred, which changed codon 3 from TCA to a stop codon TGA.
Based on the above info, which of the mutants would still have functional RecA protein?
a. Mutant B
b. Mutant A
c. Mutant C
Answer:
a. Mutant B
Explanation:
This question is describing a kind of mutation called SUBSTITUTION MUTATION, in which one or more nucleotide base is replaced by another in a sequence. In this case, the base-substitution mutations occcurs in the bacterial recA gene sequence.
However, base substitutions can be grouped into three based on the different results it yields namely: missense mutation, nonsense mutation, silent mutation.
- In Mutant A: A base substitution occurred, which changed T to C, and consequentially abolished transcription of the recA gene. This is an example of missense mutation because it changes the sequence.
- In Mutant B: A base substitution, which changed codon 2 from ACC to ACT, which did not change encoded amino acid. This is an example of silent mutation because it does not alter the sequence of the gene.
- In Mutant C: A base substitution occurred, which changed codon 3 from TCA to a stop codon TGA. This is an example of nonsense mutation because it leads to a STOP CODON.
According to the question, MUTANT B would still have functional RecA protein because it doesn't change the encoded amino acid sequence, which will still lead to the production of the RecA protein.
SURVIV.IO CODE
5GRV
NOWWW
Answer:
ight im in
Explanation:
5.) What is the process by which the egg is released called?
6.) When does ovulation occur?
Answer:
5.) What is the process by which the egg is released called?
A.) Ovulation
6.) When does ovulation occur?
A.) Ovulation typically occurs about 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period.
-TheUnknownScientist
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15. When two similar unicellular organisms fuse and exchange nuclear materials,
it is known as
O A. Haploidy
B. Conjugation
O .
C. Meiosis
D. Nuclear growth