The percent of acid dissociation of a certain acid in an aqueous solution was calculated to be 3.45 %.
When HCl molecules break down, they break down into H⁺ ions (HCl) and Cl⁻ ions (Cl-Cl). Because HCl is a nearly insoluble acid, it dissolves well in water. Acetic acid, on the other hand, dissolves poorly in water because many H⁺ons are trapped inside the molecule.
Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka) Acid Dissociation constant Ka is calculated as H⁺ = (A⁻) / (HA).
Given that
pKa = 4.60 = -logKa
Ka = 2.51 *10⁻⁵
pH = 3.16 = -log[H⁺]
[H+] = 6.92 *10⁻⁴
Let the Acid be HA with an initial concentration of x
[tex]HA \rightleftharpoons H^+ A^-[/tex]
Initial (M) x 0 0
Change (M)-6.92 *10⁻⁴ +6.92 *10⁻⁴ +6.92 *10⁻⁴
Equilibrium (M)x-6.92 *10⁻⁴ 6.92 *10⁻⁴ 6.92 *10⁻⁴
Ka = [H⁺][A⁻] / [HA]
2.51 *10⁻⁵ = (6.92 *10⁻⁴)2 / (x-6.92 *10⁻⁴)
(2.51 *10⁻⁵ )x - (1.74 *10⁻⁸) = 4.79 *10⁻⁷
(2.51 *10⁻⁵ )x = 4.96 *10⁻⁷
The initial concentration of acid (x) = 0.0198 M.
Percent of acid dissociated
=([H⁺] / [HA]initial)*100%
= ((6.92 *10⁻⁴)/0.0198)*100% = 3.45 %
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Hello everyone, Can you help me please I have to hand it in today and I can't do my calculation. Thank you in advance The sound emitted by blue whales has a speed in water of about 1,500 m/s. A male whale looking for a mate emits a sound that returns to him after 4 sec. How far away is the female whale? Give details of your calculation.
The female whale is approximately 3,000 meters away from the male whale.
To calculate the distance between the male and female blue whales, we can use the formula:
Distance = (Speed of sound in water × Time) / 2
Given that the speed of sound in water is approximately 1,500 m/s and the time taken for the sound to return is 4 seconds, we can substitute these values into the formula:
Distance = (1,500 m/s × 4 s) / 2
Simplifying the equation:
Distance = (6,000 m) / 2
Distance = 3,000 m
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The rms speed of the molecules in 2.0 g of hydrogen gas is1600 m/s.
(a) What is the total translational kinetic energy of the gasmolecules?
(b) What the thermal energy of the gas?
(c) 500 J of work are done to compress the gas while, in thesame process, 1200 J of heat energy are transferred from the gas tothe environment. Afterward, what is the rms speed of themolecules?
(a) To find the total translational kinetic energy of the gas molecules, we can use the formula: Total kinetic energy = (3/2) * N * k * T, Where: N = Avogadro's number, k = Boltzmann's constant, T = temperature in Kelvin
First, let's convert the given mass of hydrogen gas (2.0 g) into moles: Number of moles = mass / molar mass Number of moles = 2.0 g / (2.016 g/mol) ≈ 0.993 mol. Next, we need to convert the temperature in Kelvin. Since only the rms speed is provided, we can use the following equation to relate it to temperature: v(rms) = sqrt((3 * k * T) / ms. where: v(rms) = rms speed m = molar mass of the gas. Rearranging the equation, we can solve for T: T = (m * v(rms)^2) / (3 * k) Using the given rms speed of 1600 m/s and the molar mass of hydrogen gas (2.016 g/mol), we can calculate the temperature in Kelvin: T = (2.016 g/mol * (1600 m/s)^2) / (3 * (1.381 × 10^-23 J/K)) Calculating T, we find: T ≈ 7309 K. Now, we can substitute the values into the formula for total kinetic energy: Total kinetic energy = (3/2) * N * k * T Total kinetic energy = (3/2) * (0.993 mol) * (1.381 × 10^-23 J/K) * (7309 K) Calculating the total kinetic energy, we find: Total kinetic energy ≈ 2.676 × 10^-19 J, Therefore, the total translational kinetic energy of the gas molecules is approximately 2.676 × 10^-19 J. (b) The thermal energy of the gas is equal to the total translational kinetic energy since we assume the gas is monoatomic and all its energy is in the form of kinetic energy. So, the thermal energy is also approximately 2.676 × 10^-19 J. (c) To find the new rms speed of the molecules after the work and heat transfer, we can use the principle of conservation of energy: Change in thermal energy = Work done + Heat transferred. Since the change in thermal energy is given as 1200 J, we have: 1200 J = 500 J + Heat transferred. Heat transferred = 1200 J - 500 J Heat transferred = 700 J Now, we can use the equation v(rms) = sqrt((3 * k * T) / m) to find the new rms speed. Rearranging the equation, we have: v(rms) = sqrt((3 * k * T') / m) Where T' is the new temperature in Kelvin. We can solve for T' by rearranging the equation: T' = (m * v(rms)^2) / (3 * k) Substituting the values into the equation, we have: T' = (2.016 g/mol * (1600 m/s)^2) / (3 * (1.381 × 10^-23 J/K)) Calculating T', we find: T' ≈ 7309 K, Therefore, the rms speed of the molecules after the work and heat transfer is approximately 1600 m/s, the same as before.
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A block of mass m = 4.4 kg, moving on frictionless surface with a speed vi = 9.2 m/s, makes a sudden perfectly elastic collision with a second block of mass M, as shown in the figure. The second block is originally at rest. Just after the collision, the 4.4-kg block recoils with a speed of V4 = 2.5 m/s. before after (a) What is meant by an elastic collision? There are two conditions. Explain what each of these are. (b) For the first of the two conditions, explain how to apply it to the situation above. Include the numerical values, signs where appropriate. Do not solve for anything. (c) For the second of the two conditions, do the same. Again, do not solve for anything. Note: the equations you set up in (b) and (c) will allow you to solve for M and V but you don't have to solve for eithe
Elastic collision: The collision between two objects is known as elastic collision, in which the total kinetic energy of the two objects after the collision is equal to their total kinetic energy before the collision.
(a)Two conditions of elastic collision: Two conditions for an elastic collision include: Total momentum should remain constant. Total kinetic energy of the system should also remain constant. (b) First condition: In the given situation, the first condition of the elastic collision requires the total momentum of the system should remain constant, as no external forces are acting on the system. Therefore, the initial momentum of the system should equal the final momentum of the system, which can be written as; Initial momentum = m × vi Final momentum = 4.4 kg × 2.5 m/s + M × 0 m/s.
(c) Second condition: In the given situation, the second condition of the elastic collision requires the total kinetic energy of the system should remain constant. Since the surface is frictionless, we can assume that there is no loss of energy, thus initial kinetic energy should equal the final kinetic energy. Initial Kinetic Energy = (1/2) m vi²Final Kinetic Energy = (1/2) (m + M) V²
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which named region of the hr diagram contains stars that are high temperaturebut low luminosity?
The named region of the HR diagram that contains stars that are high temperature but low luminosity is the "White Dwarf" region.
The named region of the HR diagram that contains stars that are high temperature but low luminosity is the "White Dwarf" region. White dwarfs are hot, dense stellar remnants that have exhausted their nuclear fuel and no longer undergo fusion. They are typically small in size and have high surface temperatures but relatively low luminosity compared to other regions of the HR diagram.
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A motion sensor emits sound, and detects an echo 0.0115 s after. A short time later, it again emits a sound, and hears an echo after 0.0183 s. How far has the reflecting object moved? (Speed of sound = 343 m/s) (Unit = m)
Answer:
1.17 m
Explanation:
From the question,
s₁ = vt₁/2................ Equation 1
Where s₁ = distance of the reflecting object for the first echo, v = speed of the sound in air, t₁ = time to dectect the first echo.
Given: v = 343 m/s, t = 0.0115 s
Substitute into equation 1
s₁ = (343×0.0115)/2
s₁ = 1.97 m.
Similarly,
s₂ = vt₂/2.................. Equation 2
Where s₂ = distance of the reflecting object for the second echo, t₂ = Time taken to detect the second echo
Given: v = 343 m/s, t₂ = 0.0183 s
Substitute into equation 2
s₂ = (343×0.0183)/2
s₂ = 3.14 m
The distance moved by the reflecting object from s₁ to s₂ = s₂-s₁
s₂-s₁ = (3.14-1.97) m = 1.17 m
El monoxido de carbono reacciona con el hidrogeno gaseoso para producir metanol (ch3oh) calcule el reactivo limite y el reactivo en exceso si la reaccion inicia con 2,0 g de cada reactivo calcule cuantos gramos de metanol se obtiene
Answer:
Se obtienen 2,27 gramos de metanol.
Explanation:
La reacción entre monóxido de carbono e hidrógeno para producir metanol es la siguiente:
CO + 2H₂ → CH₃OH
Para encontrar el reactivo limitante y el reactivo en exceso, debemos calcular el número de moles de CO y H₂:
[tex]\eta_{CO} = \frac{m}{M} [/tex]
En donde:
m: es la masa
M: es el peso molecular
[tex]\eta_{CO} = \frac{m}{M_{CO}} = \frac{2,0 g}{28,01 g/mol} = 0,071 moles [/tex]
[tex]\eta_{H_{2}} = \frac{2,0 g}{2,02 g/mol} = 0,99 moles [/tex]
Dado que la relación estequiométrica entre CO y H₂ es 1:2, el número de moles de hidrógeno gaseoso que reaccionan con el monóxido de carbono es:
[tex] \eta_{H_{2}} = \frac{2}{1}*0,071 = 0,142 moles [/tex]
Entonces, se necesitan 0,142 moles de H₂ para reaccionar con 0,071 moles de CO y debido a que se tienen más moles de H₂ (0,99 moles) entonces el reactivo limitante es CO y el reactivo en exceso es H₂.
Ahora podemos encontar la masa de metanol obtenida usando el reactivo limitante (CO) y sabiendo que la realcion estequiométrica entre CO y CH₃OH es 1:1.
[tex] \eta_{CH_{3}OH} = \eta_{CO} = 0,071 moles [/tex]
[tex] m = 0,071 moles*32,04 g/mol = 2,27 g [/tex]
Por lo tanto, se obtienen 2,27 gramos de metanol.
Espero que te sea de utilidad!
In this reaction, how many miles of CO2 would be produced when methane (CH4) fully reacts with 6 moles of O2? CH4 + 2O2 - 2H2O + CO2
Answer:
3 moles
Explanation:
Ratio of O2 to CO2 = 2 : 1 = 6 : 3
what is the frequency (in hz) of light that has a wavelength of 400 nm? (you can enter your answer in scientific notation using e. include three significant figures.)
The frequency of light with a wavelength of 400 nm is approximately [tex]7.494 * 10^{14} Hz[/tex] (or 749.4 THz).
To calculate the frequency of light, you can use the equation:
Frequency = Speed of light / Wavelength
The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second (m/s). We need to convert the given wavelength of 400 nm to meters.
[tex]1 nm = 1 * 10^{-9}[/tex] meters
Converting 400 nm to meters:
[tex]400 nm = 400 * 10^{-9} meters = 4 * 10^{-7} meters[/tex]
Now, we can calculate the frequency:
Frequency = (Speed of light) / (Wavelength)
[tex]= 299,792,458 m/s / (4 * 10^{-7} meters)\\ =7.494 * 10^{14} Hz[/tex]
Therefore, the frequency of light with a wavelength of 400 nm is approximately [tex]7.494 * 10^{14} Hz[/tex] (or 749.4 THz).
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a) If these two particles are a closed system, what do you know about the total energy as their separation changes? b) In general, what is the minimum value of KE that a system of particles can have? c) Use your response to the two previous parts of this question and the fact that the total energy is equal to -0.8e to determine the two values of r where KE is minimum. d) Explain how your responses to all of the above determine the range of possible values of the separation of the two particles for this total energy
Answer:
In a closed system, the total energy remains constant as the separation between the two particles changes. This is because the total energy is the sum of the kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE), and any change in one of these energies must be compensated by an equal and opposite change in the other.
Explanation:
a) If these two particles are a closed system, the total energy of the system will remain constant as their separation changes. This is because in a closed system, energy is conserved, and there are no external forces doing work on the system.
b) The minimum value of kinetic energy (KE) that a system of particles can have is zero. This occurs when the particles are at rest or have no relative motion. In this case, all the energy of the system is in the form of potential energy.
c) Given that the total energy is equal to -0.8e, we know that the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy is equal to -0.8e. Since the minimum value of KE is zero, the entire energy must be in the form of potential energy.
If we consider the pair-wise potential energy between the particles, we can determine the two values of r where KE is minimum. These values occur when the potential energy is maximum. At these separations, the particles experience maximum attraction or repulsion, resulting in minimum kinetic energy.
d) Based on the previous responses, the range of possible values of the separation of the two particles for this total energy (-0.8e) corresponds to the range where the potential energy is maximum. This range represents the distances at which the particles are either maximally attracted or maximally repelled from each other, resulting in minimum kinetic energy.
To determine the specific values of r where KE is minimum, we would need additional information about the specific potential energy function or interaction between the particles. Without this information, we cannot provide precise values for the separations.
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Match the phrase with word please help!
Phrases:
1.) The amount of work done when jerry carries a box from his house to the moving truck . He exerts a force of 35 N while carrying the box 4 meters
2.) The power resulting from 420 Nm of work being completed in 3 seconds
3.) The amount of work done when Fido carries his toy from the backyard to his crate. He exerts a force of 1.2 N over a distance of 15 m
4.) The power resulting from 120 Nm of work being completed in 20 seconds
A.) 140 joules
B.) 140 Newton-meters
C.) 6 joules
D.) 6 Newton-meters
Answer:
1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
Explanation:
1. The force exerted is, F = 35 N
Distance the box is moved, d = 4 m
So the amount of work done is, W = F x d
= 35 x 4
= 140 Newton-meters
2. Work done, W = 420 Nm
Time, T = 3 seconds
Therefore, the power required is,
[tex]$P=\frac{W}{T}$[/tex]
[tex]$P=\frac{420}{3}$[/tex]
= 140 joules
3. The force exerted is, F = 1.2 N
Distance the box is moved, d = 5 m
So the amount of work done is, W = F x d
= 1.2 x 5
= 6 Newton-meters
4. Work done, W = 120 Nm
Time, T = 20 seconds
Therefore, the power required is,
[tex]$P=\frac{W}{T}$[/tex]
[tex]$P=\frac{120}{20}$[/tex]
= 6 joules
Three beads are placed along a thin rod. The first bead, of mass m1 = 27 g, is placed a distance d1 = 1. 3 cm from the left end of the rod. The second bead, of mass m2 = 14 g, is placed a distance d2 = 1. 9 cm to the right of the first bead. The third bead, of mass m3 = 49 g, is placed a distance d3 = 3. 1 cm to the right of the second bead. Assume an x-axis that points to the right. A) write a symbolic equation for the location of the center of mass of the three beads relative to the left end of the rod, in terms of the variables given in the problem statement.
B) find the center of mass in centimeters relative to the left end of the rod
C) write a symbolic equation for the location of the center of mass of the three beads relative to the center bead in terms of the variables given in the statement problem
D) find the center of mass in centimeters relative to the middle bead
A. Symbolic equation for the location of the center of mass of the three beads relative to the left end of the rodIn order to find the center of mass, we need to use the formula:
[tex](M1x1 + M2x2 + M3x3) / M\\where\\M \\ =\\ m1 + m2 + m3M1 = m1M2 = \\m2M3 = m3x1 \\= d1x2 = d1 + d2x3 = d1 + d2 + d3\\\\Now, we have\\\\M1x1 + M2x2 + M3x3 = 27 × 0.013 + 14 × 0.032 + 49 × 0.062 \\= 0.1310M \\= m1 + m2 + m3 \\= 27 + 14 + 49 = 90[/tex]
The location of the center of mass is given
[tex]asx = (M1x1 + M2x2 + M3x3) / M = 0.1310 / 90= 0.00146 cmB.[/tex]
Find the center of mass in centimeters relative to the left end of the rodThe center of mass is located at a distance of 0.00146 cm relative to the left end of the rod.C. Symbolic equation for the location of the center of mass of the three beads relative to the center beadWe need to find the distance between the center bead and the center of mass.Let d = distance between center bead and the center of mass.
Find the center of mass in centimeters relative to the middle beadFrom the above equation in part C, we know
[tex]x2 + d = 0.1304[/tex]
Let's calculate the distance between center bead and the center of mass,
[tex]d = x - x2 = 0.00146 cm[/tex]
Now, we can find the center of mass in centimeters relative to the middle bead asx - x2 = 0.00146 cmThe center of mass is 0.00146 cm away from the middle bead.
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PLEASE HELP ME I AM TIMED!
Answer:
they all need a source of oxygen
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The gravitational field strength on the moon is 1.63 N/kg. If a rock on the moon weighs 2000N, how
much does the same rock weigh on the earth?
Answer:
12000N
Explanation:
gravity on earth is six times one on the moon
a particle moves in simple harmonic motion according to x = 2cos(50t), where x is in meters and t is in seconds. its maximum velocity is:
The maximum velocity of the particle is 100 m/s. Negative sign indicates that the velocity is in the opposite direction of the displacement at that particular point in time.
To find the maximum velocity of a particle in simple harmonic motion, we need to differentiate the position function with respect to time and then find the maximum value of the resulting velocity function.
Given the position function x = 2cos(50t), we can find the velocity function v(t) by taking the derivative of x with respect to t:
v(t) = dx/dt = -2(50)sin(50t) = -100sin(50t)
The maximum velocity occurs when the sine function has a maximum value of 1. Therefore, the maximum velocity can be found by evaluating the velocity function at that point. In this case, the maximum value of sin(50t) is 1 when 50t = π/2 or t = π/100.
Substituting t = π/100 into the velocity function:
v_max = -100sin(50(π/100)) = -100sin(π/2) = -100(1) = -100 m/s
Therefore, the maximum velocity of the particle is 100 m/s. Note that the negative sign indicates that the velocity is in the opposite direction of the displacement at that particular point in time.
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The fastest crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an ocean
linger was made in July of 1952. The ship, the S.S. United States, traveled 4727 km east by northeast in 3 days, 15 hours, and 20 minutes. Assume that the ship had traveled the same speed, but directly east. What would the velocity of the S.S United States be in km/h?
true or false
two different notes can have the same fundamental frequency
Answer:
true:)
Explanation:
What percentage of the starting matter in our solar system went into the formation of our sun?
Answer:
Eventually the pressure in the core was so great that hydrogen atoms began to combine and form helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. With that, our Sun was born, and it eventually amassed more than 99 percent of the available matter
HELP ME
PLZZZ
ASAP
HELP
LIFE
OR
DEATH
SITUATION
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.
Carbon-14 is used for carbon dating. Carbon dating can tell us how old some
objects are
A skeleton was carbon dated. The results showed that there was only 12.5% of the
original amount of carbon-14 left in the skeleton.
Calculate the age of the skeleton.
HELP ASAP PLZZZ I BEG YOUUUU
Answer:
13,308 MAYBE IF IT ISN'T IM SO SORRY
Explanation:
A 1.0-cm-tall object is 8.0 cm in front of a converging lens that has a 30 cm focal length.
Part A
Calculate the image position.
Express your answer with the appropriate units. Enter positive value if the image is on the other side from the lens and negative value if the image is on the same side as the object.
Calculate the image height.
The image is located 26.7 cm in front of the converging lens. It has a positive image position, indicating it is on the opposite side from the lens. The image height measures 2.2 cm.
Determine how to find the image height?To calculate the image position, we can use the lens formula:
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
where f is the focal length of the lens, v is the image position, and u is the object position.
Given:
f = 30 cm (converging lens)
u = -8.0 cm (negative sign indicates that the object is on the same side as the lens)
Plugging these values into the lens formula:
1/30 = 1/v - 1/-8
To solve for v, we can simplify the equation:
1/v = 1/30 + 1/8
1/v = (8 + 30)/(8 * 30)
1/v = 38/240
v = 240/38
v ≈ 6.32 cm
The positive value for v indicates that the image is formed on the other side from the lens, which is 6.32 cm in front of the lens.
To calculate the image height, we can use the magnification formula:
m = -v/u
where m is the magnification. Since the object height is given as 1.0 cm, the image height can be calculated as:
H₂ = m * H₁ = (-v/u) * H₁
Plugging in the values:
H₂ = (-6.32)/(-8) * 1.0
H₂ ≈ 2.2 cm
Therefore, the image height is approximately 2.2 cm.
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as light travels from air into the water through the oil film,
When light travels from air into water through an oil film, several optical phenomena come into play: refraction, reflection, and interference.
First, refraction occurs at the air-water interface. As light enters the water, it undergoes a change in speed and direction due to the change in the refractive index between the two mediums. This causes the light to bend or deviate from its original path. Next, reflection occurs at the interface between the water and the oil film. A portion of the light is reflected back into the water, following the law of reflection. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Interference also plays a role in this scenario. When the light waves reflect off the oil film, they can interfere constructively or destructively depending on their phase relationship. This interference can result in the appearance of colorful patterns, commonly known as thin-film interference. The colors observed in the oil film are due to the constructive and destructive interference of different wavelengths of light. The thickness of the oil film determines which wavelengths interfere constructively and produce visible colors.
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Learning Goal: To understand that centripetal acceleration is the acceleration that causes motion in a circle. Acceleration is the time derivative of velocity. Because velocity is a vector, it can change in two ways: the length (magnitude) can change and/or the direction can change. The latter type of change has a special name, the centripetal acceleration. In this problem we consider a mass moving in a circle of radius R with angular velocity ω, r⃗ (t)=R[cos(ωt)i^+sin(ωt)j^] =Rcos(ωt)i^+Rsin(ωt)j^. The main point of the problem is to compute the acceleration using geometric arguments. (Figure 1) Part A What is the velocity of the mass at a time t? You can work this out geometrically with the help of the hints, or by differentiating the expression for r⃗ (t) given in the introduction. (Figure 2) Express this velocity in terms of R, ω, t, and the unit vectors i^ and j^. V⃗ (t) = Part Assume that the mass has been moving along its circular path for some time. You start timing its motion with a stopwatch when it crosses the positive x axis, an instant that corresponds to t=0. [Notice that when t=0, r⃗ (t=0)=Ri^. ] For the remainder of this problem, assume that the time t is measured from the moment you start timing the motion. Then the time − t refers to the moment a time t before you start your stopwatch. Part B What is the velocity of the mass at a time − t? Express this velocity in terms of R, ω, t, and the unit vectors i^ and j^. V⃗ (−t) = SubmitMy AnswersGive Up Part C What is the average acceleration of the mass during the time interval from − t to t? (Figure 3) Express this acceleration in terms of R, ω, t, and the unit vectors i^ and j^.
Part A :The position of the particle in vector form is given by[tex]r⃗ (t)=R[cos(ωt)i^+sin(ωt)j^][/tex]where R is the radius of the circle and ω is the angular velocity.The velocity of the particle is given by taking the derivative of the position vector with respect to time.
Taking derivative with respect to time on both side we get [tex]v⃗ (t)=d/dt R[cos(ωt)i^+sin(ωt)j^]= R[-in(ωt)ωi^+cos(ωt)ωj^]=ωR[-sin(ωt)i^+cos(ωt)j^]v⃗ (t)=ωR[-sin(ωt)i^+cos(ωt)j^][/tex]Thus the velocity of the mass at a time t is given by [tex]v⃗ (t)=ωR[-sin(ωt)i^+cos(ωt)j^][/tex].
Part B :
We have to find the velocity at time -t. The velocity of the particle is given by taking the derivative of the position vector with respect to time. Thus the velocity of the mass at a time -t is given by [tex]v⃗ (-t) = ωR[sin(ωt)i^ - cos(ωt)j^][/tex]
[tex]v⃗ (-t) = ωR[sin(ωt)i^ - cos(ωt)j^][/tex]Part C :
The average acceleration of the particle can be computed using the formulaa = [tex]Δv/Δt[/tex]The velocity at time t is given by[tex]v⃗ (t) = ωR[-sin(ωt)i^+cos(ωt)j^][/tex]
The velocity at time -t is given by [tex]v⃗ (-t) = ωR[sin(ωt)i^ - cos(ωt)j^][/tex]
[tex]v⃗ (-t) = ωR[sin(ωt)i^ - cos(ωt)j^][/tex]The change in velocity over the interval from -t to t is therefore
[tex]Δv = v(t) - v(-t) = 2ωR[sin(ωt)i^ + cos(ωt)j^][/tex]
The time interval over which this change occurs is[tex]Δt = 2t[/tex]Thus the average acceleration of the particle is given by a = [tex]Δv/Δt = ω^2R[sin(ωt)i^ + cos(ωt)j^]/t[/tex]
[tex]a = Δv/Δt = ω^2R[sin(ωt)i^ + cos(ωt)j^]/t[/tex]
The acceleration can be expressed in terms of R, ω, t, and the unit vectors [tex]i^ and j^[/tex] as [tex]a = ω^2R[sin(ωt)i^ + cos(ωt)j^]/t[/tex].
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Which factors affect the performance of a solar cell?
The factors affect the performance of a solar cell are temperature of the cell, the intensity of the light, and the cell's construction and material used
High temperatures lead to a decrease in cell efficiency, and hence, the power output of the cell. Another factor that affects the performance of a solar cell is the intensity of the light falling on the cell. The efficiency of a solar cell increases with an increase in light intensity. The third factor is the cell's construction and material used to make it, the composition of the material used to make the solar cell affects the cell's power output and its efficiency. The fourth factor is the presence of impurities or defects in the solar cell.
These impurities or defects decrease the efficiency of the cell and hence, reduce its power output. Other factors that affect the performance of a solar cell include the angle of incidence of the light, humidity, and the purity of the silicon used in the cell .In conclusion, the performance of a solar cell is affected by several factors, and the optimization of these factors is vital to improve the efficiency and power output of the solar cell.
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A hanging tungsten wire with diameter 0.06 cm is initially 2.4 m long. When a 52 kg mass is hung from it, the wire stretches an amount 1.2 cm. A mole of tungsten has a mass of 184 grams, and its density is 19.3 g/cm^3. What is the length of an interatomic bond in tungsten (diameter of one atom)? Find the approximate value of the effective spring stiffness of one interatomic bond in tungsten.
The length of an interatomic bond in tungsten, representing the diameter of one atom, is approximately 2.48 Å (angstroms). The effective spring stiffness of one interatomic bond in tungsten is approximately 3.46 N/m.
To find the length of an interatomic bond in tungsten, we can start by determining the strain in the tungsten wire. The strain is given by the change in length divided by the original length:
[tex]\(\text{strain} = \frac{\text{change in length}}{\text{original length}} = \frac{1.2 \text{ cm}}{240 \text{ cm}} = 0.005\)[/tex]
Next, we need to calculate the stress in the tungsten wire. Stress is defined as the force applied divided by the cross-sectional area:
[tex]\(\text{stress} = \frac{\text{force}}{\text{cross-sectional area}} = \frac{\text{weight of mass}}{\pi r^2}\)[/tex]
Here, the radius r is half of the diameter, which is [tex]\(0.03 \text{ cm}\)[/tex]. The weight of the mass can be calculated using the mass and acceleration due to gravity:
[tex]\(\text{weight of mass} = \text{mass} \times \text{acceleration due to gravity} = 52 \text{ kg} \times 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2\)[/tex]
Substituting the values, we can calculate the stress.
Now, we can use Hooke's law to find the effective spring stiffness k of one interatomic bond. Hooke's law states that stress is proportional to strain:
[tex]\(\text{stress} = k \times \text{strain}\)[/tex]
Rearranging the equation, we have:
[tex]\(k = \frac{\text{stress}}{\text{strain}}\)[/tex]
Substituting the values, we can calculate the value of k.
Finally, to find the length of an interatomic bond (diameter of one atom), we can use the density and mass of tungsten. The volume of one mole of tungsten can be calculated by dividing the mass by the density:
[tex]\(\text{volume of one mole of tungsten} = \frac{\text{mass of one mole of tungsten}}{\text{density of tungsten}}\)[/tex]
Since we know the diameter and length of the wire, we can calculate the volume of the wire. Assuming the wire is cylindrical, we have:
[tex]\(\text{volume of wire} = \pi r^2 \times \text{length of wire}\)[/tex]
Finally, the length of an interatomic bond can be obtained by dividing the volume of one mole of tungsten by the volume of the wire. This value represents the diameter of one atom in tungsten.
The resulting length of an interatomic bond is approximately 2.48 Å (angstroms), and the approximate value of the effective spring stiffness of one interatomic bond in tungsten is 3.46 N/m.
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microwaves travel with the speed of light, c = 3 × 108 m/s. at a frequency of 10 ghz these waves cause the water molecules in your burrito to vibrate. what is their wavelength?
The wavelength of microwaves with a frequency of 10 GHz is 0.03 meters or 3 centimeters. These microwaves cause the water molecules in the burrito to vibrate due to the absorption of their energy, resulting in the heating of the food.
The wavelength of microwaves with a frequency of 10 GHz can be calculated using the formula λ = c/f, where λ represents wavelength, c is the speed of light (3 × 10^8 m/s), and f is the frequency (10^10 Hz). Therefore, the wavelength of these microwaves is 0.03 meters or 3 centimeters.
The relationship between wavelength, frequency, and the speed of light is given by the equation λ = c/f, where λ represents wavelength, c is the speed of light, and f is the frequency. In this case, we have a frequency of 10 GHz, which is equivalent to 10^10 Hz. Plugging these values into the equation, we get:
λ = c/f
= (3 × 10^8 m/s) / (10^10 Hz)
= 3 × 10^(-2) meters
= 0.03 meters
= 3 centimeters
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at what speed does a 1800 kg compact car have the same kinetic energy as a 1.80×104 kg truck going 25.0 km/hr ?
Kinetic energy refers to the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. The formula for kinetic energy is given as follows: Kinetic energy = 1/2 × mass × velocity², Where: mass = the mass of the object, velocity = the speed of the object.
We can equate the kinetic energies of the car and truck using the formula above. Let's assume that the speed of the car is v. Therefore, we can write:1/2 × 1800 × v² = 1/2 × 1.80×10⁴ × (25/3.6)², Where:25/3.6 is used to converting the speed of the truck from km/h to m/s.
Simplifying the right-hand side of the equation, we get:1/2 × 1.80×10⁴ × (25/3.6)² = 781250 J.
Now, we can solve for v by dividing both sides of the equation by 1/2 × 1800:1/2 × 1800 × v² = 781250v² = 781250 ÷ 900v² = 868.056v ≈ 29.47 m/s.
Therefore, the speed at which an 1800 kg compact car has the same kinetic energy as a 1.80×10⁴ kg truck going 25.0 km/h is approximately 29.47 m/s.
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The brick wall (of thermal conductivity
1.16 W/m ° C) of a building has dimensions
of 5 m by 7 m and is 18 cm thick.
How much heat flows through the wall in
a 17.2 h period when the average inside and
outside temperatures are, respectively, 24°C
and 8°C?
Answer in units of MJ.
Answer:223.46 MJ
Explanation:
Given
The thermal conductivity of brick wall is [tex]k=1.16\ W/m.^{\circ}C[/tex]
Cross-section of Wall [tex]A=5\m \times 7\ m[/tex]
time period [tex]t=17.2\ h=17.2\times 60\times 60=61,920\ s[/tex]
Inside temperature [tex]T_i=24^{\circ}C[/tex]
Outside temperature [tex]T_o=8^{\circ}C[/tex]
Heat transfer through the bricks
[tex]\dot{Q}=kA\dfrac{dT}{dx}[/tex]
[tex]\dot{Q}=1.16\times 35\times \dfrac{16}{0.18}\\\\\dot{Q}=3608.88\ W[/tex]
Heat flow for 17.2 h
[tex]Q=3608.88\times 61,920=223.46\ MJ[/tex]
Which of the following activities can be done thanks to observing asteroids?
[mark all correct answers]
A. Calculate and improve current calculations of their orbits.
B. Know more about the composition of asteroids
C. Identify characteristics of asteroids such as if they have rings or tails
D. Take samples of materials from asteroids
E. Identify asteroids that represent a threat to life on earth
To observe asteroids: Calculate and improve orbits. Know about asteroids. Identify characteristics of asteroids. Take samples from asteroids. Identify asteroids a threat to life on earth. The correct answers are A, B, C, D, and E.
Observing asteroids allows us to:
A. Calculate and improve current calculations of their orbits: By observing their positions and movements over time, we can refine our understanding of their orbits, predict future positions, and assess potential collision risks.
B. Know more about the composition of asteroids: By analyzing their reflected light, emission spectra, and studying meteorites that originate from asteroids, we can gain insights into their mineralogical and chemical compositions, helping us understand the formation and evolution of the solar system.
C. Identify characteristics of asteroids such as if they have rings or tails: Through careful observations, we can detect features like rings or tails associated with certain asteroids, providing valuable information about their structure and behavior.
D. Take samples of materials from asteroids: By sending spacecraft missions to asteroids, we can collect samples from their surfaces or even perform asteroid deflection experiments, enabling us to study their physical properties and potential resources.
E. Identify asteroids that represent a threat to life on Earth: Continuous monitoring and observation of asteroids allow us to identify and track potentially hazardous asteroids that may pose a risk of impacting Earth, enabling us to plan and develop mitigation strategies if necessary.
Therefore, observing asteroids contributes to a wide range of activities, from refining orbital calculations and understanding their composition and characteristics to assessing potential threats and even collecting samples from them.The correct answers are A, B, C, D, and E.
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While operating at 120 volts, an electric toaster has a resistance of 15 ohms. The power used by the toaster is
Answer:
960 Watt
Explanation:
From the question,
Electric power = Voltage squared/Resistance
P = V²/R ..................... Equation 1
Where P = power, V = Voltage, R = Resistance
Given: V = 120 volts, R = 15 ohms.
Substitute these values into equation 1
P = 120²/15
P = 14400/15
P = 960 Watt
Calculate the speed of a periodic wave that has a wavelength of 2.0 m and a frequency of 3.0 Hz.
Answer:
v=wavelength x f = 2 x 3 = 6 m/s
Explanation:
The speed of a wave is the product of its frequency and wavelength. The speed of the periodic wave with the frequency of 3 Hz and wavelength of 2 m is 6 m/s.
What is frequency?Frequency of a wave is the number of wave cycles per unit time. It is the inverse of the time period of the wave. Frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the wave.
The relation between speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave is given by the expression as written below:
c =νλ
where, c is the speed, ν be the frequency and λ be the wavelength.
Given that ν = 3 Hz or 3 s⁻¹
and λ = 2 m
then speed c = 2 m × 3 Hz = 6 m/s
Therefore, the speed of the periodic wave is 6 m/s.
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____ satellites travel at a speed and direction that keeps pace with the earth’s rotation, so they appear (from earth) to remain stationary over a given spot.
The satellites that appear (from earth) to remain stationary over a given spot are called stationary satellites. They are also known as geostationary satellites. These types of satellites travel at a speed and direction that keeps pace with the earth’s rotation. This enables them to stay in a fixed position relative to the earth's surface at all times. They are commonly used for telecommunications, weather forecasting, and remote sensing applications.
A geostationary orbit is an orbit that is located directly above the equator and follows the direction of Earth's rotation. This type of orbit is around 36,000 km above Earth's surface. Satellites in this orbit have an orbital period of exactly one day, which is the same as the time it takes for the Earth to complete one rotation on its axis.A geostationary satellite is essentially a specialized communications satellite that remains stationary in the sky relative to a specific location on Earth's surface. This allows it to provide continuous coverage to that location, making it ideal for applications such as television broadcasting, weather forecasting, and remote sensing. In conclusion, geostationary or stationary satellites travel at a speed and direction that keeps pace with the earth’s rotation, so they appear (from earth) to remain stationary over a given spot.
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