In situations with substantial economies of scale, the marginal cost of adding an additional customer is very low once the fixed costs of the overall system are in place.
Economies of scale refer to the cost advantages that a company can achieve as its scale of production increases. In such situations, the per-unit cost of production decreases as output increases. When substantial economies of scale are present, the marginal cost of adding an additional customer becomes very low once the fixed costs of the overall system are already incurred.
Marginal cost represents the additional cost incurred by producing one more unit or serving one more customer. In the context of economies of scale, the fixed costs are spread over a larger production or customer base, resulting in a relatively low additional cost for each new customer added to the system. Therefore, the correct answer is option b: marginal cost, low.
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on completion Status: Moving to another question will save this response. Destion 7 5 points Save Answer XYZ is evaluating a project that would require the purchase of a piece of equipment for $570,00
If the NPV is negative, then the project is not expected to generate enough cash inflows to cover the cost of the equipment and is not a good investment.
XYZ is evaluating a project that would require the purchase of a piece of equipment for $570,000. To determine the feasibility of the project, XYZ needs to consider the cost of the equipment, the expected cash inflows from the project, and the time value of money. Additionally, XYZ needs to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project to determine if it is a worthwhile investment.
To calculate the NPV of the project, XYZ needs to estimate the expected cash inflows from the project and discount them to their present value using a discount rate. The discount rate is usually the cost of capital for the company or the rate of return that the company expects to earn from the project.
Once the expected cash inflows have been discounted to their present value, XYZ can subtract the initial cost of the equipment to get the NPV of the project. If the NPV is positive, then the project is expected to generate a return that is greater than the cost of capital, and it is a worthwhile investment. If the NPV is negative, then the project is not expected to generate enough cash inflows to cover the cost of the equipment and is not a good investment.
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Indicate whether each of the following people is frictionally unemployed, structurally unemployed, seasonally unemployed, cyclically unemployed or not officially unemployed.
A woman who quits her job an a firm's accounting department to find work with better pay/benefits
A former automotive worker, replaced by robotic equipment, looking for work.
A woman who quits her job in a firm's accounting department to find work with better pay/benefits - Frictionally unemployedA former automotive worker, replaced by robotic equipment, looking for work - Structurally unemployed.
Frictional unemployment refers to a temporary period of unemployment while looking for a new job. It arises when people switch occupations, locations, or organizations. Structural unemployment occurs when an economic structure shifts and certain jobs become obsolete, leaving people without work. Seasonal unemployment occurs when jobs are available only during a specific season of the year.
Cyclical unemployment occurs during economic downturns when demand is low and companies lay off workers. Not officially unemployed refers to people who are not actively seeking employment. Now, let's classify the following individuals based on the given information:
A woman who quits her job in a firm's accounting department to find work with better pay/benefits - Frictionally unemployedA former automotive worker, replaced by robotic equipment, looking for work - Structurally unemployed.
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Which of the following would least likely be started as a small business?
1-Furniture repair store
2-restaurant
3-flower shop
4-landscaping business
5-Electricity company
Out of the options provided, the least likely small business to be started would be an electricity company. Option 5
Starting an electricity company typically requires significant capital investment, regulatory approvals, and extensive infrastructure development. It involves generating, transmitting, and distributing electricity to a wide customer base.
Furniture repair store: A small business offering furniture repair services can be started with relatively lower upfront costs, and it can target a local market. It requires specialized skills and tools, but the scale and scope of operations are more manageable.
Restaurant: While opening a restaurant can be challenging, it is a common small business venture. It requires careful planning, investment in equipment and inventory, and obtaining necessary permits. However, with a well-defined concept and market demand, a restaurant can be established as a small-scale enterprise.
Flower shop: A flower shop can be started as a small business, catering to local customers. It requires sourcing flowers, arranging them, and operating a retail space. Although there may be competition, the initial investment and operational complexities are comparatively lower than an electricity company.
Landscaping business: Landscaping businesses often start small, serving local customers with services like lawn maintenance, gardening, and landscape design. It involves investment in equipment and labor but can be scaled up gradually as the customer base expands.
Option 5 is correct.
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A hospital purchased medical equipment for $150,000 and placed
the equipment in service in January of Year 1. The medical
equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years (60 months) and
is capitaliz
The depreciation expense for each year is $30,000. The hospital bought medical equipment for $150,000 and placed it into service.
This medical equipment is capitalized because it has an estimated useful life of 5 years (60 months).To compute the yearly depreciation, the cost of the medical equipment will be allocated over its useful life of 60 months.60 months/5 years is equal to 12 months per year.
The yearly depreciation can be computed by dividing the cost of the medical equipment by the number of years of useful life or the number of months of useful life.Most often, the straight-line method is used to compute the yearly depreciation. Using the straight-line method, the yearly depreciation is the same every year.
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an individual's labor supply curve eventually bends backward because at a high enough wage rate, group of answer choices people are willing to work more hours. employers are willing to hire more workers. people desire more leisure time. very few workers are hired. more people enter the labor market to search for jobs.
The individual's labor supply curve eventually bends backward because people desire more leisure time. The labor supply curve is a graph showing how many hours an individual is willing to work at different wage rates.
The horizontal axis of the curve shows the hours of labor supply, while the vertical axis of the curve shows the wage rate. The backward-bending labor supply curve is the curve on which, as the wage rate increases, labor supply initially increases, but beyond some point (the "satiation point"), further increases in the wage rate lead to a decrease in the number of hours worked. This is caused by workers preferring leisure time to work, particularly at higher wages. In other words, at a high enough wage rate, people desire more leisure time, which leads to a backward bend in the labor supply curve, as fewer hours of labor are supplied.
Labor demand and labor supply curve determine the wage rate and employment level in a labor market. Hence, it is necessary to understand the labor supply curve to know how it impacts the labor market.
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Whipple Logistics Company's Transportation Challenge Ruby Shelton is part of the executive development training program. As part of her executive development plan, Ruby has temporarily been assigned to the transportation division of Whipple Logistics Company. The objective is to expose her to different parts of the company as a method of grooming her for a senior position someday. Ruby is excited about the opportunity. Her background is in operations management, therefore, she is familiar with transportation requirements, although not an expert. Doreen Delgado is Ruby's mentor in the program Doreen is a senior vice president and participated in the program when she was a junior executive. She understands the value of such a learning experience. Whipple Logistics Company has several new clients who want a briefing on the best mode of transportation for their businesses. Doreen assigned Ruby to this project. Doreen believes this is the perfect instrument to help Ruby develop a deep appreciation of the importance of selecting the best mode of transportation for specific products. Ruby is to prepare the briefing for the new clients Ruby understands that this is a great opportunity to learn more about Whipple's clients' needs. Her research illustrates that the best mode of transportation often depends on the industry using it. Industries that deal in bulk products such as corn, soybeans, wheat, cement, crude oil and coal must decide which mode of transportation is best. That decision is often based on the distance over which the shipment must be moved. Trucks have a cost advantage for short distances up to 500 miles consequently, they function primarily as the short haul option. As the distance increases rail has a cost advantage over trucks, however, barges have the greatest cost advantage if a waterway connects the point of origin and the destination Although Whipple Logistics Company provides shipping services to all industries, the new clients were primarily shipping large balk items. For bulk shipments barges are the least expensive mode of transportation However, waterways do not go everywhere: consequently, the critical factors are the shipment origin and its proximity to navigable waterways Ruby began to investigate what besides cost could be a driving factor. She discovered that seldom were single barges alone used to haul cargo Generally, barges are cabled together in what is called a 15-barge tow, giving it a capacity of 22.500 tons. Ruby wondered how this compared to the capacity of rail and trucks. She knew that rail cars are also connected together to increase capacity. The standard is a 100-car train whose hauling capacity is 11.200 tonths, it takes two 100-car trains to match a 15-barge tow. A third option is semitrucks or "18-wheelers." A single semitruck can haul 26 tons. Unfortunately, the drawback of semitrucks is they are a single shipping system, unlike barges or rail cars that are combined to create a larger shipping system. Approximately 870 semitrucks* would be required to equal the cargo capacity of either a 15- barge tow or two 100-car trains. Ruby decided that barges are the best bulk transportation option, if the origin and destination can be accessed by water. She appreciated that it was more complex that just cost though. One needs to factor in possible delays due to weather and the hauling capacity of a specific mode of transportation Questions 1. How should Ruby approach this briefing? Should she explain each type or should she discuss only the concept of intermodal transportation? Explain your recommendation; why do you think one approach is better than another, that is, what is the benefit to those being briefed? 2. In your opinion, which mode of transportation has the most potential for problems? Explain why you say that. 3. Identify the mode of transportation that is the most flexible and the one that is the least flexible. Explain why you consider them as the most and least flexible.
1. Ruby should approach the briefing by explaining each type of transportation (trucks, rail, and barges) and discussing the concept of intermodal transportation. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of available options, allowing clients to make informed decisions based on their specific needs.
The mode of transportation has the most potential for problems?2. Trucks have the most potential for problems in transportation due to factors such as traffic congestion, accidents, adverse weather conditions, human error, delays, and capacity constraints.
3. Trucks are considered the most flexible mode of transportation due to their accessibility to various locations and the ability to provide door-to-door service. On the other hand, barges are the least flexible mode, as they heavily rely on waterways and may require additional transportation modes if waterway connectivity is lacking.
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1- Generally, technical communication documents are
informational, rhetorical, persuasive, purposeful, and
problem-oriented.
-True -False
2- Good technical writing is characterized by embellishment,
p
The given statement "Technical communication documents are characterized by being informational, rhetorical, persuasive, purposeful, and problem-oriented." is true because technical communication documents embody these characteristics to effectively convey information, persuade the audience, serve a purpose, and provide solutions in a problem-oriented manner.
Informational: Technical documents aim to provide accurate and relevant information to the intended audience. They convey technical concepts, procedures, specifications, or instructions in a clear and concise manner.
Rhetorical: Technical documents are designed to effectively communicate with the audience, considering their needs, knowledge, and expectations. They employ appropriate language, structure, and visual aids to convey information effectively.
Persuasive: Technical documents often aim to persuade the audience to take a specific action or adopt a particular viewpoint. They may present arguments, evidence, and benefits to influence the audience's decision-making process.
Purposeful: Technical documents have a clear purpose and intended outcome. They are created to fulfill specific objectives, whether it's informing, instructing, solving a problem, or facilitating decision-making.
Problem-oriented: Technical documents often address specific problems or challenges.
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Complete Question : Generally, technical communication documents are informational, rhetorical, persuasive, purposeful, and problem-oriented.-True -False.
A $1845 face value bond with an 116% coupon rate is issued. What amount of interest will the bondholders receive? (Show your calculations)
John has $35000 as savings and he wants to invest them. He has two options to invest in.
Option 1: This offers 5% interst rate for 5 years.
Options 2: This offers 3% interest rate for 8 years. As an expert of such investments, assist John which option should he choose for his investment. (Show your calculations)
$2140.20 interest will the bondholders receive. Those who invest in or own debt securities, which are frequently issued by corporations and governments, are referred to as bondholders. In a sense, bondholders are making a loan to the bond issuers. When the bonds mature, bondholders get their original investment back in return or principle.
Given
Face value =$1845
Coupon Rate = 116%
Required to Interest =?
Interest = Face value of the bond x Coupon rate
Interest = $1845 x 1.16
Interest = $2140.20
Therefore, the interest of $2140.20 will the bondholders receive.
Given
Principle Amount = $35000
Option 1: This offers a 5% interest rate for 5 years.
Options 2: This offers a 3% interest rate for 8 years.
Required to calculate which option is beneficial for John
Option 1 = Interest = Principle x rate x time
= 35000 x 5 x 5 /100
=$8750
Amount = Interest + Principle
= 35000 + 8750
= 43,750
Option 2: Interest = Principle x rate x time
= 35000 x 3 x 8 /100
=8400
Amount = Interest + Principle
= 35000 + 8400
= 43,400
Hence, John should option 1 because he gets the maximum benefit from it.
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q15 fast please
Question 15 A corporation issued 6,000 shares of its $10 par value common stock in exchange for land that has a market value of $84,000. The entry to record this transaction would include: OA. A credi
The entry to record the transaction would be:
Debit: Land (Market Value) $84,000
Credit: Common Stock (Par Value) $60,000
Credit: Additional Paid-in Capital $24,000
The entry to record the transaction of a corporation issuing 6,000 shares of its $10 par value common stock in exchange for land with a market value of $84,000 would include the following:
Debit: Land (Market Value)
Credit: Common Stock (Par Value)
Credit: Additional Paid-in Capital
Let's break down the entry:
1. Debit: Land (Market Value)
The land received by the corporation has a market value of $84,000. To record this transaction, the corporation debits the Land account to recognize the acquisition of the land at its fair market value. This increases the value of the company's assets.
2. Credit: Common Stock (Par Value)
The corporation issued 6,000 shares of its $10 par value common stock. The par value represents the nominal value assigned to each share of stock. In this case, the par value is $10. By crediting the Common Stock account, the corporation records the par value of the shares issued. The number of shares issued (6,000) multiplied by the par value ($10) equals $60,000, which is credited to the Common Stock account.
3. Credit: Additional Paid-in Capital
The remaining amount beyond the par value that is paid by investors for the shares issued is called additional paid-in capital. In this case, the market value of the land ($84,000) exceeds the par value of the shares issued ($60,000). The difference of $24,000 is the additional amount paid by the investors. This amount is credited to the Additional Paid-in Capital account.
So, the entry to record the transaction would be:
Debit: Land (Market Value) $84,000
Credit: Common Stock (Par Value) $60,000
Credit: Additional Paid-in Capital $24,000
This entry reflects the exchange of common stock for land and ensures that the corporation recognizes the land at its market value and properly records the par value and additional paid-in capital related to the shares issued.
It's important to note that specific accounting requirements and regulations may vary, and it is advisable to consult with a qualified accountant or financial professional for guidance on recording such transactions in compliance with applicable accounting standards.
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Selected accounts from Westeros Co.'s adjusted trial balance for the year ended December 31 follow. Sales Repairs expense Depletion expense Prepare its income statement. Revenes Expenses Total expense
Westeros Co.'s income statement for the year ended December 31 shows depletion expense revenues of $30,000 and total expenses of $21,500, resulting in a net income of $8,500.
WESTEROS CO. Pay Articulation For Year Finished Dec 3, Incomes:
Deals $30,000
Costs:
Fixes Cost $ 500
Consumption Cost $ 4,000
Devaluation Cost $ 5,000
Pay rates Cost $ 10,000
Amortization Cost $ 2,000
Absolute Costs: $21,500
Net gain: $ 8,500
The pay proclamation shows the incomes and costs brought about by Westeros Co. during the year finished December 31. The incomes comprise of deals adding up to $30,000. The costs incorporate fixes cost adding up to $500, consumption cost of $4,000, deterioration cost of $5,000, pay rates cost of $10,000, and amortization cost of $2,000.
To work out the complete costs, we include all the singular cost sums, which provides us with a sum of $21,500. Taking away the all out costs from the incomes, we show up at the net gain of $8,500.
This pay proclamation gives a synopsis of Westeros Co's. monetary execution for the predefined period, showing the incomes produced and the costs caused to show up at the subsequent overall gain.
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The complete question is:
Selected accounts from Westeros Co.'s adjusted trial balance for the year ended December 31 follow. Sales Repairs expense Depletion expense $30,000 500 4,000 Depreciation expense Salaries expense Amortization expense $ 5,000 10,000 2,000 Prepare its income statement. WESTEROS CO. Income Statement For Year Ended December 31 Revenues Expenses Total expenses 0 $ 0.
justin just made a margin purchase of 100 shares of def corp. for $22.50 per share. the initial margin is 70%. the maintenance margin is 30%. how low can the price of each share of def be before justin will have to add equity to his account?
The price of each share of Def Corp. can drop to $14.44 before Justin will have to add equity to his account.
To determine the price at which Justin will have to add equity to his account, we need to consider the margin requirements and the concept of a margin call.
The initial margin is 70%, which means that Justin initially financed 70% of the purchase price with borrowed funds. The remaining 30% is the equity he contributed.
The maintenance margin is 30%, which represents the minimum equity level that Justin must maintain in his account to avoid a margin call. If the equity in his account falls below this level, he will be required to add additional funds to bring it back up.
To calculate the price at which a margin call will occur, we can use the following formula:
Margin call price = Purchase price / (1 - Maintenance margin)
In this case, Justin purchased 100 shares of Def Corp. for $22.50 per share. Therefore, the purchase price is $22.50 * 100 = $2,250.
Using the formula, we can calculate the margin call price:
Margin call price = $2,250 / (1 - 0.30) = $2,250 / 0.70 = $3,214.29
This means that if the price per share of Def Corp. drops below $3,214.29, Justin will receive a margin call and will be required to add equity to his account to meet the maintenance margin requirement.
To determine how low the price of each share can drop before a margin call occurs, we divide the margin call price by the number of shares:
Margin call price per share = Margin call price / Number of shares = $3,214.29 / 100 = $32.14
Therefore, the price of each share of Def Corp. can drop to $32.14 before Justin will have to add equity to his account.
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On February 1, 2019, the balance of the retained earnings account of Blue Power Corporation was $567,000. Revenues for February totaled $110,700, of which $103,500 was collected in cash. Expenses for February totaled $91,700, of which $75,600 was paid in cash. Dividends declared and paid during February were $8,400. Required: Calculate the retained earnings balance at February 28, 2019. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)
The retained earnings balance at February 28, 2019 is $577,600.
To calculate the retained earnings balance at February 28, 2019, we need to first calculate the net income for February.
This can be calculated using the following formula:
Net income = Revenues - Expenses
We are given that the revenues for February totaled $110,700 and the expenses for February totaled $91,700. Therefore, Net income = $110,700 - $91,700
Net income = $19,000
Now, we need to adjust the retained earnings account for the dividends declared and paid during February. The dividends paid during February were $8,400. Therefore, the retained earnings balance at February 28, 2019 will be:
Retained earnings balance at February 28, 2019 = Retained earnings balance at February 1, 2019 + Net income - Dividends
Retained earnings balance at February 28, 2019 = $567,000 + $19,000 - $8,400
Retained earnings balance at February 28, 2019 = $577,600
Therefore, the retained earnings balance at February 28, 2019 is $577,600.
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Refer to Figure 2-9. What does the economy gain by moving from point A to point D? Toasters D 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Toothbrushes 35 2828 30 25 20 15 10 10 5 30 toasters. 30 toothbrushes. O 20 toasters.
When moving from point A to point D, the economy gains 20 toasters and 10 toothbrushes. This can be deduced from the movement along the production possibilities curve as shown in Figure 2-9.
The movement along the production possibilities curve (PPC) is determined by the concept of opportunity cost. Opportunity cost refers to the cost of an alternative that must be given up in order to pursue a certain action. As we move along the PPC, the opportunity cost increases because we have to give up more of one good in order to produce more of the other.
In the case of the given production possibilities table, the opportunity cost of producing one toaster is equal to the amount of toothbrushes given up and the opportunity cost of producing one toothbrush is equal to the amount of toasters given up. At point A, 30 toasters are produced with 35 toothbrushes. By moving to point D, the economy gains 20 toasters and 10 toothbrushes.
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Managing economic exposure is generally more complicated than managing transaction exposure. Explain what is economic exposure and give 1 (ONE) example of the economic exposure facing by the MNC. (5 Marks). If the direct quote for the euro is AUD1.35=EUR1, then the indirect quote for the euro is:
a. EUR0.74 = AUD1.
b. EUR0.51 = AUD1.
c. EUR0.65 = AUD1.
d. EUR0.68 = AUD1.
Managing economic exposure is generally more complicated than managing transaction exposure. Economic exposure refers to the risk that an organization's financial performance or position will be impacted by unpredictable fluctuations in exchange rates or commodity prices.
Example of economic exposure facing the MNC: Inflation risk – This risk arises because of the difference in inflation rates between the home and host countries. For example, suppose a multinational corporation has operations in two countries: India and the United States. The Indian economy is expected to have an inflation rate of 4%, while the US economy is expected to have an inflation rate of 2%.
The multinational corporation will face an economic exposure if it has any obligations or investments in either country. The indirect quote for the euro is: EUR0.74 = AUD1.The direct quote is the domestic currency price of one unit of a foreign currency, whereas the indirect quote is the foreign currency price of one unit of the domestic currency. In this case, the direct quote for the euro is AUD1.35=EUR1, so the indirect quote for the euro would be EUR0.74=AUD1.
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Match the activity to the level of marginal utility you might expect to see. Drag each item on the left to its matching item on the right. Note that every item may not have a match, while some items may have more than one match. the first couple of minutes of a shower as the water is warming up the first few minutes of playing a new game you just learned increasing marginal utility another work-from-home-office day, after being sequestered at home for nearly six months during the coronavirus pandemic diminishing marginal utility sitting in a hot tub another five minutes, after having been in for an hour already the final stretch of a half-hour treadmill session
Increasing Marginal Utility: The first couple of minutes of a shower as the water is warming up, the first few minutes of playing a new game you just learned, and the final stretch of a half-hour treadmill session. Diminishing Marginal Utility: Another work-from-home-office day after being sequestered at home for nearly six months during the coronavirus pandemic, sitting in a hot tub another five minutes after having been in for an hour already.
Here is the matching of activities to the corresponding level of marginal utility:
- The first couple of minutes of a shower as the water is warming up: **Increasing marginal utility**
- The first few minutes of playing a new game you just learned: **Increasing marginal utility**
- Another work-from-home-office day, after being sequestered at home for nearly six months during the coronavirus pandemic: **Diminishing marginal utility**
- Sitting in a hot tub another five minutes, after having been in for an hour already: **Diminishing marginal utility**
- The final stretch of a half-hour treadmill session: **Increasing marginal utility**
Note: It's important to understand that marginal utility refers to the additional satisfaction or usefulness gained from consuming or engaging in an activity. Initially, the marginal utility tends to increase, but over time, it may start to diminish.
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Please fill in the missing cells of the following table
Revenues
155
Expenses
125
Dividends declared
5
Additional investment by stockholders
10
Net income
?
Retained earnings
Beginning of year
30
End of year
?
Paid-in capital
Beginning of year
15
End of year
?
Total assets
Beginning of year
80
End of year
95
Total liabilities
Beginning of year
?
End of year
?
Net income: 25. To calculate the net income, we need to subtract the total expenses from the total revenues. In this case, the revenues are $155, and the expenses are $125. Therefore, the net income is $30 ($155 - $125).
The net income represents the profitability of a company during a specific period. In this scenario, the company earned a net income of $30. This means that after deducting all the expenses from the revenues, the company had a positive income of $30. It indicates that the company was able to generate more revenue than it spent on expenses.
This net income contributes to the retained earnings of the company. Retained earnings are the accumulated profits of a company that are not distributed to shareholders as dividends. At the beginning of the year, the retained earnings were $30, and with a net income of $30, the retained earnings at the end of the year would be $60 ($30 + $30).
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7 3.5 points Inventory records for Marvin Company revealed the following: Number Unit Date Transaction of Units Cost 930 $7.22 Mar. 1 Beginning inventory Mar.10 Purchase 570 7.71 Mar. 16 Purchase 770
The total cost of inventory for Marvin Company is $6714.6 + $4400.70 + $5946.70 = $17,062. Answer: The total cost of inventory for Marvin Company is $17,062.
Marvin Company’s inventory records show a beginning inventory of 930 units, with a unit cost of $7.22. Following this, Marvin Company purchased 570 units on March 10th at a unit cost of $7.71, and 770 units on March 16th also at a unit cost of $7.71.
Therefore, in order to calculate the total cost of all the inventory units Marvin Company has, we will use the first in, first out (FIFO) method.
This means that the inventory that was purchased first will be sold first. Using this method, the total cost of inventory will be calculated as follows: March 1 - Beginning Inventory: Unit cost = $7.22Number of Units = 930Total Cost = 7.22 x 930 = $6714.6March 10 – Purchase: Unit cost = $7.71 Number of Units = 570Total Cost = 7.71 x 570 = $4400.70March 16 – Purchase: Unit cost = $7.71 Number of Units = 770 Total Cost = 7.71 x 770 = $5946.70
Therefore, the total cost of inventory for Marvin Company is $6714.6 + $4400.70 + $5946.70 = $17,062. Answer: The total cost of inventory for Marvin Company is $17,062.
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Here is the complete question below:
Based on the inventory records for Marvin Company, calculate the total cost of inventory and the weighted average cost per unit as of March 16.
Failure of market outcomes occurs when:
O there are market failures such as externalities.
O there are no market failures but the market is not achieving society's goals.
O the market outcome is not efficient.
O the market outcome is not Pareto optimal.
Failure of market outcomes occurs when the market outcome is not efficient.
Failure of market outcomes occurs when there are no market failures, meaning the market is functioning without any inherent inefficiencies or externalities, but it is still not achieving society's goals. In such cases, the market outcome may not align with broader societal objectives, such as equity, social welfare, or environmental sustainability.
While the market may be operating efficiently and achieving optimal outcomes from an economic perspective (e.g., Pareto optimality), it may not address social concerns or distribute resources in a way that benefits the entire society. In these instances, interventions like government regulations, policies, or corrective measures may be necessary to bridge the gap between the market outcome and society's desired goals.
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The following data show the total output for a firm when specified amounts of labour are combined with a fixed amount of capital. Assume that the wage per unit of labour is $25 and the cost of the capital is $110. Labour per unit of time Total Output 0 25 2 3 140 215 5 270 The marginal product of labour is at its maximum when the firm changes the amount of labour hired from 75 O A. 0 to 1 unit OB. 1 to 2 units O C. 3 to 4 units. OD. 2 to 3 units O E. 4 to 5 units
The marginal product of labor is at its maximum when the firm changes the amount of labor hired from 2 to 3 units.
Marginal product of labor (MPL) refers to the addition to total production caused by adding one more worker holding other inputs constant. MPL rises as the first worker is added because workers are usually specialized, allowing them to focus on the tasks for which they are best suited.
According to the table provided, the marginal product of labor is calculated by determining the change in output that occurs when one more worker is added.
From the table above, the marginal product of labor in producing from 0 to 2 units is 25, and from 2 to 3 units it is 75.
Therefore, the firm's marginal product of labor is at its maximum when the firm changes the amount of labor hired from 2 to 3 units.
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5 Inventory records for Dunbar Incorporated revealed the following: Number of Units Date Transaction Unit Cost $2.34 Apr. 1 Beginning inventory 560 3.5 Apr.20 Purchase 310 2.68 points Dunbar sold 600
Based on the provided inventory records, Dunbar Incorporated has a remaining inventory of 270 units and a cost of goods sold (COGS) of $1650.
Based on the provided inventory records for Dunbar Incorporated, here is a summary of the transactions and their effects:
Beginning Inventory (Apr. 1):
Number of Units: 560
Unit Cost: $2.34
Purchase (Apr. 20):
Number of Units: 310
Unit Cost: $3.5
Sale:
Number of Units: 600
No specific unit cost provided
In order to calculate the remaining inventory and the cost of goods sold (COGS), we need to determine the weighted average cost per unit. This can be calculated by dividing the total cost of all units by the total number of units.
The total cost of units from the beginning inventory:
560 units * $2.34 = $1309.44
The total cost of units from the purchase:
310 units * $3.5 = $1085
Total number of units:
560 units (beginning inventory) + 310 units (purchase) = 870 units
The total cost of all units:
$1309.44 (beginning inventory) + $1085 (purchase) = $2394.44
Weighted average cost per unit:
$2394.44 / 870 units = $2.75 per unit
Now, let's calculate the remaining inventory and COGS:
Remaining Inventory:
Beginning inventory (560 units) + Purchase (310 units) - Sale (600 units) = 270 units
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS):
Number of units sold (600 units) * Weighted average cost per unit ($2.75) = $1650
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Bias in measuring real GDP using a traditional approach may occur because of:
Group of answer choices
Changes in the way that workers and firms determine wages
Changes in the population structure
Changes in the real interest rate
Changes in the saving rate in an economy
Bias in measuring real GDP using a traditional approach may occur due to changes in the population structure, real interest rate, and saving rate in an economy.
Changes in the population structure can introduce bias in measuring real GDP because it affects the composition of the workforce. If the proportion of different age groups or skill levels in the population changes over time, it can impact the productivity and wages of workers. For example, an aging population with a larger proportion of retirees may lead to a decline in labor force participation and productivity, potentially affecting the overall measurement of real GDP.
Changes in the real interest rate can also introduce bias in measuring real GDP. When the real interest rate changes, it affects investment decisions by firms, which in turn influences the level of economic output. Higher real interest rates can discourage investment, leading to lower capital formation and potentially lower GDP. Conversely, lower real interest rates can stimulate investment and contribute to higher GDP. Failing to account for these changes in investment due to interest rate fluctuations can result in a biased measurement of real GDP.
Changes in the saving rate in an economy can affect investment and subsequently impact real GDP. Higher saving rates can lead to increased funds available for investment, promoting economic growth. Conversely, lower saving rates can constrain investment and potentially lead to lower GDP. Failing to account for changes in the saving rate can introduce bias in measuring real GDP by not capturing the full impact of investment fluctuations on economic output.
In summary, changes in the population structure, real interest rate, and saving rate can introduce bias in measuring real GDP using a traditional approach. To mitigate this bias, it is important to consider these factors when calculating and interpreting real GDP figures.
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explain socialism, capitalism and mixed economy with their features advantages and disadvantages
You are a currency trader located in USA with an investment of USD 1 Million. The following market quotes are available: Spot rate: CAD 0.9749 per USD Forecasted spot rate one year from now: AUD 0.917 per USD One-year forward rate: CAD 0.9307 per USD One-year interest rate in Canada : 2.6% per year One-year interest rate in the USA: 3% per year tip/hint: CAD is the home currency (a) Calculate the one-year forward premium or discount on Canadian dollar. Show your calculations. (b) What would be a profitable strategy - borrow US dollars and invest in Canadian dollars or borrow Canadian dollars and invest in US dollars? use calculations to justify answer. (c) Assume you can borrow USF$1,000,000 or CAD$1,000,000. How much profit/loss (in CAD) from covered interest arbitrage can you make? tip/hint: Use the information from answers in parts (a) and/or (b)
(a) The one-year forward premium or discount on the Canadian dollar can be calculated using the formula: Forward Premium/Discount = [(Forward Rate - Spot Rate) / Spot Rate] * (1/Time Period).
Using the provided values:
Forward Rate - Spot Rate = CAD 0.9307 - CAD 0.9749 = -CAD 0.0442
Forward Premium/Discount = (-CAD 0.0442 / CAD 0.9749) * (1/1) = -0.0453 or -4.44% (rounded to two decimal places). Therefore, there is a one-year forward discount of 4.44% on the Canadian dollar.
(b) To determine a profitable strategy, we need to consider the interest rate differentials and the exchange rate movement. In this case, the interest rate in the USA is higher (3%) than in Canada (2.6%), which suggests borrowing US dollars and investing in Canadian dollars would be more profitable. Additionally, the one-year forward discount on the Canadian dollar indicates a potential depreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar. By borrowing US dollars and converting them to Canadian dollars, one can benefit from the interest rate differential and the expected depreciation of the Canadian dollar.
(c) Assuming borrowing options of USD 1,000,000 or CAD 1,000,000, the profit or loss from covered interest arbitrage would depend on the interest rate differential, the exchange rate movement, and the chosen strategy. The exact calculation would require detailed information on the interest payments, exchange rate fluctuations, and transaction costs involved in the arbitrage process.
However, in general, covered interest arbitrage aims to take advantage of interest rate differentials and exchange rate movements to generate profit. By monitoring the market and executing the strategy at the right time, one can potentially make a profit from covered interest arbitrage.
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the data set that lists a company’s competitors and their locations would be classified as what type of data?
The data set that lists a company's competitors and their locations would be classified as market data or competitive intelligence data
This data set falls under the category of market data or competitive intelligence data because it provides information about the competitors of a company and their respective locations. Market data encompasses various types of information related to market trends, competitors, customer behavior, and other factors influencing business decisions. In this case, the data specifically focuses on identifying competitors and their geographical presence. This type of data is crucial for businesses to analyze market dynamics, devise effective strategies, and make informed decisions to stay competitive in the market.
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How could England insist on free trade policy in spite of
merchandise trade deficits in the late 19th century?
England, as a leading industrial nation, pursued a free trade policy despite experiencing merchandise trade deficits in the late 19th century to attain Comparative Advantage, Access to Raw Materials, Colonial Trade, Economic Liberalism, Political Influence.
In the late 19th century, England, as a leading industrial nation, pursued a free trade policy despite experiencing merchandise trade deficits. There were several reasons for this insistence on free trade:
1. Comparative Advantage: England recognized that it had a comparative advantage in manufacturing and industrial production. By allowing free trade, it could specialize in producing goods in which it had an advantage and import goods that other countries could produce more efficiently. This approach allowed England to benefit from lower-cost imports and focus on its strengths, leading to overall economic growth.
2. Access to Raw Materials: England relied heavily on imports of raw materials to fuel its industrial revolution. Maintaining a policy of free trade ensured a steady supply of raw materials from around the world, even if it meant running merchandise trade deficits. By securing access to resources, England could continue its industrial expansion and maintain its position as an economic powerhouse.
3. Colonial Trade: England had a vast colonial empire during this period. By promoting free trade, England aimed to benefit from the trade relationships it had established with its colonies. It sought to maintain a favorable economic environment for its colonies, which would provide a market for English goods and ensure the flow of raw materials back to England.
4. Economic Liberalism: England was influenced by the ideas of economic liberalism, which emphasized the importance of free markets and minimal government intervention in economic affairs. Free trade was seen as a key principle of economic liberalism, promoting competition, efficiency, and overall economic welfare. This ideology played a significant role in shaping England's trade policy and its willingness to tolerate trade deficits.
5. Political Influence: England also recognized that its position as a dominant economic power gave it political influence on the global stage. By championing free trade, England aimed to spread its economic ideology and shape global trade norms. It believed that promoting free trade would benefit not only its own economic interests but also contribute to international stability and cooperation.
It is important to note that England's insistence on free trade in the face of merchandise trade deficits was not without critics and challenges. Some industries and workers within England faced difficulties due to competition from lower-cost imports, leading to calls for protectionism. Nonetheless, England's commitment to free trade remained strong, and it continued to pursue liberal trade policies throughout the late 19th century.
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a company has beginning inventory for the year of $13,500. during the year, the company purchases inventory for $130,000 and ends the year with $22,000 of inventory. the company will report cost of goods sold equal to:
The company will report cost of goods sold equal to $121,500.The company's cost of goods sold for the year would be $121,500.Cost of goods sold (COGS) is a critical calculation for any company that sells products.
The cost of goods sold is the cost incurred by a company to manufacture or purchase the products that it sells to its customers.
The COGS formula is as follows:Beginning inventory + Purchases - Ending inventory = Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)Where:Beginning inventory refers to the inventory value a company has at the start of an accounting period.
Purchases refer to the amount of inventory a company buys during an accounting period.Ending inventory refers to the inventory value a company has at the end of an accounting period.Now, let's calculate the cost of goods sold using the given information:
Beginning inventory for the year = $13,500.Purchases during the year = $130,000Ending inventory = $22,000
Cost of Goods Sold = Beginning inventory + Purchases - Ending inventory
COGS = $13,500 + $130,000 - $22,000COGS = $121,500. Therefore, the company will report cost of goods sold equal to $121,500.
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Consider a project with free cash flows in one year of $137 141 in a weak market or $177 196 in a strong market, with each outcome being equally likely. The initial investment required for the project is $95 000, and the project's unlevered cost of capital is 18%. The risk-free interest rate is 7%. (Assume no taxes or distress costs.) a. What is the NPV of this project? b. Suppose that to raise the funds for the initial investment, the project is sold to investors as an all-equity firm. The equity holders will receive the cash flows of the project in one year. How much money can be raised in this way that is, what is the initial market value of the unlevered equity? c. Suppose the initial $95 000 is instead raised by borrowing at the risk-free interest rate. What are the cash flows of the levered equity in a weak market and a strong market at the end of year 1, and what is its initial market value of the levered equity according to MM?
a. The NPV of the project is $19,625.94. b. The initial market value of the unlevered equity is $95,000. c. The cash flows of the levered equity in a weak market and a strong market at the end of year 1 are $10,322.03 and $50,377.03, respectively. The initial market value of the levered equity according to MM is $0.
The NPV of the project can be calculated as the difference between the present value of the cash inflows and the initial investment. The present value of the expected cash flows in a weak market is $112,137.58 and the present value of the expected cash flows in a strong market is $133,989.94. Therefore, the NPV of the project is $19,625.94.
If the project is sold to investors as an all-equity firm, the initial market value of the unlevered equity would be equal to the initial investment of $95,000.
If the initial $95,000 is raised by borrowing at the risk-free interest rate, the cash flows of the levered equity in a weak market and a strong market at the end of year 1 would be $10,322.03 and $50,377.03, respectively. According to MM, the initial market value of the levered equity would be $0 because the cost of equity is equal to the unlevered cost of capital and the cash flows are the same in both scenarios.
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Compensatory damages are to compensate for direct actual losses caused by a breach of contract O True O False
Compensatory damages are to compensate for direct actual losses caused by a breach of contract. This statement is TRUE.
The compensatory damages are a sum of money awarded to compensate for actual losses sustained by the aggrieved party, and it's intended to place the injured party in the same position that they would have been had the contract been executed.
A compensatory damage is designed to replace what was lost as a result of a breach of contract. It is intended to compensate the injured party for their actual loss as a result of the breach. Compensatory damages are the most frequently awarded type of damages in breach of contract lawsuits. They are divided into two categories: actual damages and consequential damages.
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Let a firm's short run total cost curve be given by c(y) = 10+10y-y²+0.25y³; therefore: MC = 10 - 2y +0.75y². All fixed costs are sunk. (a) Find the firm's short run supply curve (you may write it in inverse form). Draw it on a graph. (b) How much will the firm produce if p = $10? At this point, is the firm covering all costs (including fixed costs)?
a) The firm's short run supply curve is found by taking the first order conditions of the profit maximization problem and rearranging for the variable in terms of price or revenue. Since this is a short run problem, fixed costs are sunk and should not affect the firm's behavior.
Therefore, the firm will produce in the short run as long as price is greater than marginal cost (P > MC) and it will shut down if price is less than average variable cost (P < AVC). The firm's short-run supply curve in inverse form can be obtained by setting P = MC and solving for the output quantity that the firm will produce.10 - 2y +0.75y² = p ⇒ 0.75y² - 2y + 10 - p = 0 ⇒ y = (2 ± sqrt(4 - 4*0.75*(10 - p))) / 1.5.
This formula gives the firm's output quantity for each price level. If price is low enough (less than the shutdown point), the firm will not produce anything, otherwise it will produce some positive amount. The graph below shows the short run supply curve and the shutdown point:b) The firm's profit is π = py - c(y) where py is the total revenue and c(y) is the total cost. At p = 10,
the firm's optimal output level is:y = (2 ± sqrt(4 - 4*0.75*(10 - 10))) / 1.5 = 5.The firm's total cost at this output level is:c(y) = 10+10y-y²+0.25y³ = 10 + 50 - 25 + 20.83 = 55.83Therefore, the firm's profit is:π = py - c(y) = 10*5 - 55.83 = -$5.83.Since the firm's profit is negative, it is not covering all costs, including fixed costs.
Therefore, the firm should shut down in the short run if it cannot earn enough revenue to cover at least its variable costs.
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If the common shares were issued at $14 per share, at what average price per share were the preferred shares issued?
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Problem ADifficulty: MediumLearning Objective: 10-07 Prepare and analyze the stockholders' equity section of a balance sheet and the statement of stockholders' equ
If retained earnings at the beginning of the period was $234 million and $14 million was paid in dividends during the year, what was the net income for the year? (Enter your answer in millions.)
The average price per share of the preferred shares cannot be determined without additional information. The net income for the year is $248 million based on the given information of retained earnings and dividends.
To determine the average price per share of the preferred shares, we need additional information such as the number of common shares and preferred shares issued. The given information does not provide enough data to calculate the average price per share of the preferred shares.
To calculate the net income for the year, we need to consider the changes in retained earnings. The formula to calculate net income is:
Net Income = Retained Earnings at the beginning of the period + Net Income - Dividends
Since the question states that $14 million was paid in dividends during the year, we can calculate the net income as follows
Net Income = Retained Earnings at the beginning of the period + Dividends = $234 million + $14 million = $248 million.
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