In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

White Blood Cell are part of the immune system. White Blood Cell helps the body to defend itself against pathogens.

Describe how pathogens cause infections and describe how the immune system defends the body against these pathogens.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:Your blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

Your white blood cells account for only about 1% of your blood, but their impact is big. White blood cells are also called leukocytes. They protect you against illness and disease.

Think of white blood cells as your immunity cells. In a sense, they are always at war. They flow through your bloodstream to fight viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders that threaten your health. When your body is in distress and a particular area is under attack, white blood cells rush in to help destroy the harmful substance and prevent illness.

White blood cells are made in the bone marrow. They are stored in your blood and lymph tissues. Because some white blood cells have a short life of 1 to 3 days, your bone marrow is always making them.

Types of white blood cells

Among your white blood cells are:

Monocytes. They have a longer lifespan than many white blood cells and help to break down bacteria.

Lymphocytes. They create antibodies to fight against bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful invaders.

Neutrophils. They kill and digest bacteria and fungi. They are the most numerous type of white blood cell and your first line of defense when infection strikes.

Basophils. These small cells seem to sound an alarm when infectious agents invade your blood. They secrete chemicals such as histamine, a marker of allergic disease, that help control the body's immune response.

Eosinophils. They attack and kill parasites and cancer cells, and help with allergic responses.

Problems affecting white blood cells

Your white blood cell count can be low for a number of reasons. This includes when something is destroying the cells more quickly than the body can replenish them. Or when the bone marrow stops making enough white blood cells to keep you healthy. When your white blood cell count is low, you are at great risk for any illness or infection, which can spiral into a serious health threat.

Your healthcare provider can do a blood test to see whether your white blood cell count is normal.   If your count is too low or too high, you may have a white blood cell disorder.

A number of diseases and conditions may affect white blood cell levels:

Weak immune system. This is often caused by illnesses such as HIV/AIDS or by cancer treatment. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy can destroy white blood cells and leave you at risk for infection.

Infection. A higher-than-normal white blood cell count usually means you have some type of infection. White blood cells are multiplying to destroy the bacteria or virus.

Myelodysplastic syndrome. This condition causes abnormal production of blood cells. This includes white blood cells in the bone marrow.

Cancer of the blood. Cancers including leukemia and lymphoma can cause uncontrolled growth of an abnormal type of blood cell in the bone marrow. This results in a greatly increased risk for infection or serious bleeding.

Myeloproliferative disorder. This disorder refers to various conditions that trigger the excessive production of immature blood cells. This can result in an unhealthy balance of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow and too many or too few white blood cells in the blood.

Medicines. Some medicines can raise or lower the body's white blood cell count.

Conditions such as extreme physical stress caused by an injury or emotional stress can also trigger high white blood cell levels. So can inflammation, labor or the end of pregnancy, smoking, or even extreme exercise.

Explanation:


Related Questions

The slowest moving seismic wave
A.
primary wave
B.
secondary wave
C.
focus wave
D.
surface wave

Answers

It’s actually D...my brother told me I also googled it to make sure:)
D. Surface wave should be the answer

How are algae similar to plants?
1.Algae produce carbon dioxide gas as its waste product
2.Both contain cell wall and chlorophyll.
3.Both need egg and sperms cells to reproduce.
4.Algae and plants need oxygen to make energy.

Answers

Answer:

answe B. both contain cell wall and chlorophyll

It’s B ) Both contain cell wall and chlorophyll.

Tendons are bands of tough tissue that connects _______ to ______.

Answers

It connects muscle to bone (pls mark as brainliest)

Answer: connects muscles to bones.

In multicellular organisms, many cells perform specific jobs that other cells do not, which allows
the organism to do more things in less time. This ability is known as ______

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

the all work together

Eukaryotic cells it’s because it’s multicellular and it’s in humans, animals etc.

PLEEAASE HELP due today and i dont get it. <3 thnxx

____cells need a way to ____ and _____ nutrients.

Answers

Do you have any words to fill it in with because I think i know x

A body of air that has the same temperature, humidity and air pressure throughout is called
A.
an air mass
B.
a cloud
C.
maritime
D.
the Coriolis effect

Answers

Answer:

A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidiry and air pres- A sure throughout it is called an air mass. Scientists classify air masses according to temperature and humidity.

Explanation:

A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidiry and air pres- A sure throughout it is called an air mass. Scientists classify air masses according to temperature and humidity.

A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidiry and air pres- A sure throughout it is called an air mass. Scientists classify air masses according to temperature and humidity.

What is air mass?

A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidiry and air pres- A sure throughout it is called an air mass. Scientists classify air masses according to temperature and humidity.

Thus, option "B" is correct.

To learn more about mass click here:

https://brainly.com/question/19694949

14. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? Why do you think there are pairs?

Answers

Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes but they are split up into 23 pairs. They are in pairs because when a female and male mated they linked together 2 chromosomes as called a “pair” these are also known as inherited traits.

Answer:

1. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes--22 pairs of numbered chromosomes, called autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes, X and Y. Each cell in the human body contains 23 pairs of such chromosomes; hence our diploid number is 46, the number 'singularity' is 23.

2. This is because our chromosomes exist in matching pairs - with one chromosome of each being inherited from the biological parent.

A friend claims that the change of seasons arises completely from Earth’s distance from the Sun because Earth’s orbit is elliptical. At its closest, Earth is about 147 million kilometers from the Sun. At its farthest, the distance is 152 million kilometers. Do you agree with the friend’s claim? Use your model to support or disprove this statement.

PLZ I NEED NOW

Answers

Answer:

Earth does have an elliptical orbit, but the path is nearly circular based on the distances given. The model shows that Earth’s axis is tilted. During summer in the Northern Hemisphere, the hemisphere tilts toward the Sun. The Southern Hemisphere experiences winter at that time, because it points away from the Sun.

Explanation:

just tell me if i am wrong ✨

Earthhhhhhhhhhhh does

What can expose rock to weathering?

mountain building

igneous processes

compression and heat

metamorphic processes

Answers

Answer:

I think compression and heat

Answer:

Explanation:

A

Embryos have the genes of _____.

1.the female parent
2.both parents
3.the male parent
4.neither parent

Answers

Answer:

2. Both parents

Explanation:

there are three copies of one particular chromosome instead of the normal two (one from each parent)

I think it’s neither because they are “edited”

What is it called when glaciers cover a large part of Earth’s surface?


a valley glacier

a continental glacier

a land glacier

an ice age

Answers

An ice age land glacier
Continental glacier

PLEASE HELP and tysm

Answers

Answer:

it is the third one

Explanation:

.--------------.

Answer:

Reduces, Homeostasis

Explanation:

Hello there! The Insulin hormone is produced within our bodies pancreas and works to actively reduce the concentration of sugar within our bodies. In people with diabetes their pancreas either does not produce enough insulin or produces none at all. When this happens the body will continuously struggle to maintain a safe level of glucose in our bodies, homeostasis, without an outside form of help such as insulin shots or medication. Hope this helps!

science
Which of these is an example of how humans contribute to erosion?
Select one:

Planting vegetation near riverbanks.

Dumping industrial sediment into the oceans.

Drilling for oil in the deep ocean.

Cutting down a forest for farmland.

Answers

C) Drilling for oil in the deep ocean.

A 2-kg toy cart is loaded with a brick and pulled at a constant speed along an inclined plane to a height of a seat top. If the mass of the brick is 3.0 kg and the height of the seat top is 0.45 m, what is the potential energy of the cart at the seat top?

Answers

Hope it helps!Please mark me as brainliest!

Animal cells tend to not have a uniform shape. This is because of the lack of which cell structure?


chloroplast


nucleus


cell wall


cell membrane

Answers

the answer is chloroplast
It’s because they lack the cell wall

cells form the ____ of living things


help me out it's due tonight. <3 thnx ;)

Answers

it should be energy!!

How did fossil records support the existence of a supercontinent?
A. Similar fossils were found on different continents.
B. Fossil records showed how old the continents were.
C. Similar fossils provided evidence that a meteor hit Earth.
D. Fossil records provided evidence that dinosaurs existed.

Answers

Answer:

A. Similar fossils were found on different continents

Explanation:

After the supercontinent on Earth broke up, organisms that lived in one area may have been "moved" to other parts of the planet, splitting up the population.

answer: A. similar fossils were found on different continents.

explanation: if there were similar fossils on different continents then that would prove that there was a supercontinent

The circulatory system is composed of the blood, blood vessels and the heart.

Urea is transported in the blood plasma.

Name 2 other substances transported in the blood plasma.

Answers

water, salts, enzymes, hormones, and proteins

The circulatory system is composed of the blood, blood vessels and the heart. Urea is transported in the blood plasma. The substances that transported in the blood plasma is water, salts, enzymes, hormones, and proteins.

What is the main function of circulatory system?

The main function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to provide the cells fuel for their cellar functions by performing cellular respiration. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients and transports it to the cells located in different parts of the body.

Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart from the various part of the body it carries deoxygenated blood.After transporting the oxygen and nutrients to the cell blood picks the carbon dioxide gas from the cell that is produced by the cellular respiration and transports it to the lungs to breathe out from the body.

Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated or oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the different parts of the body. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that get blood from the arterioles and are can be seen only under the microscope.

Therefore, The circulatory system is composed of the blood, blood vessels and the heart. Urea is transported in the blood plasma. The substances that transported in the blood plasma is water, salts, enzymes, hormones, and proteins.

Learn more about circulatory system on:

https://brainly.com/question/29259710

#SPJ2

Why is the Indus River so important to the people of Pakistan?

Answers

Answer:

The Indus is the most important supplier of water resources to the Punjab and Sindh plains – it forms the backbone of agriculture and food production in Pakistan. The river is especially critical since rainfall is meagre in the lower Indus valley.

Explanation:

hope this is helpful!

Plants are autotrophs, which means they create their own food. What organelle carries out the process of photsynthesis that makes food for the plant?


ribosome


nucleus


chloroplast


mitochondria

Answers

Answer:

Chloroplast

Explanation:

Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that carry out photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the series of reactions that use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and oxygen.

How are bacteria cells different from human cells?

A
Bacteria cells do not contain a cytoplasm.

B
Bacteria cells do not contain genetic material.

C
Bacteria cells are much bigger than human cells.

D
Bacteria cells are less complex than human cells.

Answers

Answer:

maybe d

Explanation:

D is maybe the answer according to me.

Which of the following statements is true about the fossils in these rock layers according to the law of superposition?

Answers

Answer:

Fossil #4 is younger than fossil #3.

Explanation:

The deeper you go into the Earth the older the fossils will be. So, in the diagram you have provided we see that fossil #5 is the oldest and fossil #2 is the youngest.

The order of age goes like this (from youngest to oldest):

1. Fossil #2

2. Fossil #1

3. Fossil #4

4. Fossil #3

5. Fossil #5

Therefore, the only correct answer would be that fossil #4 is younger than fossil #3.

Hope this helps!

- Kay

Answer:

i think 4 th one

Explanation:

Can an organism carry out cellular respiration without photosynthesis? How about photosynthesis without cellular respiration? Explain.

Answers

Answer:

no , an organism cannot carry out cellular respiration without photosynthesis because there would be no sugar ie. ATP

Answer:

No

Explanation:

Without photosynthesis, cellular respiration cannot occur, and without cellular respiration, photosynthesis cannot occur. The plant needs both photosynthesis and respiration to survive. Photosynthesis makes a storable energy source, while respiration converts for individual cells.

In humans, one function of the skin is to prevent water loss. Skin releases water or holds in water when necessary.

Which two structures in plants have a similar function to skin?

roots and chloroplasts
phloem and roots
cuticle and stomata
stomata and phloem

Answers

Stoma and problem This is the correct answer

Answer:

c

Explanation:

pls help(Miss around l will report, if the answer is right then l will gave him brainliested!)

Answers

Answer:

Let's say that a child has a mom with brown eyes and dad with blue eyes. Since brown eyes are dominant, the mom can have either one brown (B) and one blue (b) version of an eye color gene or she can have two browns. As geneticists like to say, she can be either Bb or BB.

To make things easier, we will say that she is BB (both genes are the brown version). Since the dad has blue eyes, he has two copies of the recessive blue version. He is bb.

Each parent will pass one copy of their eye color gene to their child. In this case, the mom will always pass B and the dad will always pass b. This means all of their kids will be Bb and have brown eyes. Each child will show the mom's dominant trait.

Now if we flip things around where the father has two brown versions (BB) and the mom has two blue ones (bb), the child will still end up Bb and having brown eyes. It doesn't matter if B came from mom or dad. It only mattered that the child got a B.

I don't want you to think that if one parent shows the dominant trait, all their children will too. They may not. Let me give another eye color example to show you what I mean.

Imagine a mom with one version of the brown and one version of the blue eye color gene. She is Bb and has brown eyes. Dad is bb and has blue eyes.

These are the same eye colors that the parents had in the first example. But the result could turn out very differently.

The kids each have a 50% chance of having mom's brown eyes and a 50% chance of having dad's blue eyes. (This is because mom has a 50% chance of passing her B and a 50% chance of passing her b.) So in this case, the kids can end up with mom's dominant trait or dad's recessive one. Which one is a simple matter of chance.*

And if we take a Bb dad (brown eyes) and a bb mother (blue eyes), there is still a 50% chance for the child to have blue eyes. Again it didn't matter which parent gave which gene version. What was important is that these two gene versions were involved.

This is true for many, many traits besides eye color. But not all of them. Sometimes it matters whether your mom or dad has a dominant trait.

Blame (or Thank) Mom Through our discussion so far, you may have picked up on the fact that we have two copies of our genes - one from mom and one from dad. But this isn't true for every gene.

Explanation:

Except for a few special cases (see below), it doesn't really matter which parent gave you which gene. If a gene version is dominant, it will dominate whether it came from mom or dad.

So your chances of getting a dominant trait don't depend on which parent it came from. If mom gives you the dominant brown eye version of an eye color gene, odds are you'll end up with brown eyes. Same thing if dad passes the same gene. In neither case would you have higher odds for getting brown eyes.

Now that isn't to say that if mom has brown eyes then all her kids will too. They could end up with the other parent's recessive blue or green eyes. Or an eye color that neither parent has!

This is how brown-eyed parents end up with a blue-eyed child. Or how two parents who don't have red hair have a redheaded baby.

As you can see, genetics is a complicated business. But one thing we do know...no one is more likely to favor one parent over the other. Which traits you get depend on the combination of genes you get from both parents.

What I'll do for the rest of the answer is explain a bit about how genes work. Then I'll focus on some situations where the parents do matter. As you'll see, this is usually when a trait is on the X chromosome.

A father with type A blood and a mother with type B blood have a son with type AB blood. This is an example of: *
a. simple dominance
b. co-dominance
c. incomplete dominance

Answers

Answer: B

Hope this helps :))
answer B
co dominance

Please help me I will give you the brain thing and extra points. image below. part 4

Answers

The answer is D. 32.
it would be 32, the mass is usually in smaller print on the periodic table

Which glaciers are mainly formed near a mountain?


valley glaciers

slope glaciers

peak glaciers

continental glaciers

Answers

Continental glacier.
Continental glaciers

If an Animalia taxon ends in "ata":

1. it may be a Phylum
2. it could be a Phylum or Order
3. it must be a Phylum
4. it could be a Phylum or Class

Answers

pretty sure the answer is 3. must be a phylum

Answer:

3. it must be a Phylum

Hope this helps

Describe what scientists look at to show that tortoises and chickens have a common ancestor. (Think about your answer above and then describe what it means) *

Answers

There bones/structures
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