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04.02 Environmental Resources Lab Report

Instructions: For this lab, use the lab report to record your information. You will submit your completed lab report.

Note: If you cannot complete this lab as directed, please contact your instructor for assistance.

Name and Title:
Include your name, instructor's name, and date.

Introduction
To improve your soil, you should first know what you’re starting with. In this lab, you will sample local soil to determine its composition and pH range.

Materials
• Distilled water
• Metric ruler
• Small zipper storage bag
• Soil from the yard, garden, or other local source
• Jar with tightly fitting lid (tall and skinny would be best)
• Small digging tool
• pH strips (available at hardware and pool supply stores) or vinegar and baking soda

Pre-lab Questions
1. Describe soil particles (sand, silt, and clay) in term of size and texture.
2. If soil is too acidic, what substance is usually added? If soil is too alkaline, what substance is usually added?
3. Why are soil composition and pH important to know?

Hypothesis
Predict what type of soil you think is in your local area (mostly sand, silt, clay, or mixed) and if it more acidic, more alkaline, or neutral.

Procedure

Obtaining soil samples for your jar and resealable bag
1. Take your jar, resealable bag, and digging tool into your garden or yard. Use the digging tool to dig a hole 3–6 inches deep. Take your soil sample from the soil at this depth.
2. Place approximately one cup of soil into the resealable bag, squeeze the air out of the bag, and zip it shut (you will use this soil later in the lab).
3. Dig up additional soil and fill the jar to approximately 1/4 full of soil. Take everything back inside to your work area.
Note: To avoid making a mess, it is best to work on a covered surface (for example, a kitchen counter covered with old newspaper or plastic wrap).
4. Fill the remaining space in the jar with water, and screw the cap on tightly (see Figure 1, below).
5. Shake the jar so that the dirt is totally dispersed through the water (see Figure 2, below). Set down the jar and allow the shaken contents to settle completely (see Figure 3, below). Leave it undisturbed overnight while you test the texture and pH of the soil in your resealable bag.

Note: Do not pick up the jar. Doing so will begin to mix the contents again.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Fill jar 3/4 full of water and 1/4 full of soil. With the lid on tightly, shake the jar well until the soil and water have mixed thoroughly. Let the jar sit. Materials will begin to settle out and form layers.



Testing texture and pH of the soil in your resealable bag
1. While you wait for the soil and water sample to settle in the jar, you can test the texture of the sample in the resealable bag. First, remove a small amount and moisten it slightly to test the texture. Record your observations in the Data and Observations section.
a. Rough and gritty soil that barely sticks together is sand.
b. Loams (mixtures of clay, silt, and sand) feel medium-textured.
c. Smooth and sticky fine textures indicate clay.
2. Next, test the pH using one of the following methods:
a. If you have pH strips: To test with pH strips, place the soil sample in a small bowl or container and add a small amount of distilled water. Add just enough water to make the soil slightly liquid, like a milkshake consistency. Dip the pH strip in and compare it to the color identification provided with the test strips. Record your data in the Data and Observations section.
b. If you do not have pH strips: Use vinegar and baking soda instead. To do this, split the sample into two containers. Add a half cup of vinegar to the first sample of soil, mix gently, and watch to see if it bubbles or fizzes. If it does, it is alkaline. In the second container, add a half cup of distilled water to the soil and mix gently. Then add a half cup of baking soda. If there is a reaction of bubbles or fizzing, the soil is acidic. If neither sample has a reaction, the soil is neutral. Record your data in the Data and Observations section.

Testing soil sample in your jar
1. For the sample in the jar, wait until after the contents have settled and you can see several different-colored layers. In addition, you may see some material floating at the top of the water. You may also see that the water is still clouded with some particles.
2. Measure the total thickness of the soil in the jar after it settles. Record this measurement (in centimeters) in the data table.
3. Observe the settled dirt carefully. There should be distinct layers of soil. The bottom will be your sand layer (largest particles fall out first), then clay or silt, depending on the kind of soil you have. Carefully measure the thickness of any layers of soil seen in your jar. Record your measurements in centimeters (cm) in the data table. Also record the color of each layer.

What is the correct order of classification from largest (most organisms) to smallest (least organisms - most specific)?
A. SGFOCPKD
B. OCKPDKGFS
C. KDPOCGFS
D. DKPCOFGS

If a dog starts to put its paw down on a sharp stone, the tough skin skin protects underlying structures from damage. Additionally, touch receptors in the skin send sensory signals to the spinal cord. The spinal cord then sends a signal to the muscles to lift the paw rather than continuing to press down. In this scenario, the dog may experience discomfort but avoid injury.

What two body systems are being used to protect the structures beneath the dog's skin and signal the muscles to lift the paw?
A.
integumentary and nervous systems
B.
circulatory and nervous systems
C.
circulatory and lymphatic systems
D.
integumentary and lymphatic systems



PLZZ HELP QUICKKK

(c) Based on the data in Figure 1, describe whether or how the size of the leopard population appears to have been affected by the lion population over the period for which data were analyzed. The scientists also estimated the consumed biomass of the prey animals of the leopards and lions. They estimated that the lions annually ate a total of approximately 175,000 kg of prey animals. This included approximately 110,000 kg of very large animals. Calculate, to the nearest whole number, the percent of the total biomass eaten by the lions that is composed of very large animals.

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1. Define celular respiration

2.What types of organisms use cellular respiration?

3 In which cell organele does most of aerobic celular respiration occur?

4.What are the reactants of aerobic celular respiration?

5.What are the end-products of aerobic cellular respiration?

6. What is the chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration? How does it relate to the
chemical equation for photosynthesis ?

7. What are the 3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration? Where in the cell does each stage
occur and how many molecules of ATP are generated for each stage? Which stage generates
the most amount of ATP?

8. What types of organisms/cels utilize anaerobic celular respiration?

9. What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?

10. What is fermentation?
What organisms utilize fermentation?

11. Where in the cell does
fermentation take place?

12. What are the end-products of fermentation?

13. How many ATP molecules are generated during fermentation?

14. What types of organisms/cells utilize lactic acid anaerobic respiration? How many molecules
of ATP are generated by lactic acid respiration?

A population of mosquitoes is exposed to the pesticide DDT for several generations. At the end of that time, most individuals in the population are resistant to DDT. The most likely reason is that:
A. random mutations in each generation made mosquitoes resistant to DDT.
B. some individuals in the original population had the mutations that led to resistance.
C. DDT caused the mutations that led to resistance.
D. somatic mutations in the original population were passed on to subsequent generations.
E. by chance, new mutations that led to DDT resistance arose after DDT was used.

Which of the following would be considered part of an emerald tree boa's ecological niche? Select all that apply. mating ritual inhabiting the tree canopy humans eating birds

Which statement describes a primary function of the cell wall of a plant cell?

Please help me this is really hard to understand it’s a matching solving for physiology

Can you please help me

Two equal strips A and B were from a potato whose cell was 30% of sugar. The strip A was placed in a solution of 10% sugar concentration while B was placed in 50%sugar concentration. What change was expected in strip A and B​

Why is it necessary to genetically engineer the bacteria to produce insulin instead of inserting the insulin gene in humans?

Which area of this sound wave represents the greatest rarefaction?

please help i am give brinliest

Which of the following correctly matches a property of an organic molecule with how that property helps the organic molecule function in living organisms?

A. Carbohydrates lower the activation energy of certain reactions. This allows metabolic processes to take place at a rate that can sustain life.

B. Proteins contain nucleotides that encode genetic material. This allows proteins to accurately pass genetic information from one cell to another.

C. Nucleic acids contain multiple carbon-hydrogen bonds. This allows nucleic acids to provide energy for living organisms by breaking these bonds.

D. Lipids are insoluble in water. This allows lipids that make up biological membranes to regulate the entry and exit of many substances.

No dam links

The coded information of a DNA molecule is determined by the

A .sequence of amino acids.

B .number of enzymes.

C. sequence of sugar-phosphate units

D. sequence of nitrogenous bases. ​

Describe two types of living things that biologists could study. Think about types of living things that are not in the ocean — what categories of living things are on land?

Which of the following mutations would most likely be passed along to an organism's
offspring?

A. Mutation that occur during crossing over during the prophase stage of mitosis

B. Mutations that occur in both DNA strands synthesize do the S-phase of mitotic cell cycle

C. Mutations that involve translocation of chromosomes in gametes
during meiosis

D. Mutations that occur in Somatic cells During cell division

The new idea however, became herbivores were not just controlled from the bottom, but they also had to be controlled from the top down by predators. This new idea was called what

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A car is traveling 75 miles per hour. How many hours would it take to
cover 250 miles? *
please help, i’ll mark brainliest!

according to the dichotomous key organism 3 is a

A) leech

B) bristle worm

C) water scorpion

D) dragonfly nymph

Displacements that occur in opposite directions are ________ from each other to find the total displacement.

pls help me out with this and thanks for the help

Select ALL the correct answers.
Which of the following statements about energy in systems are true?

The amount of energy in a system must equal the amount of matter in the system.
Energy can be changed from one form to another.
When energy leaves a system, it is transformed into matter.
Energy can be transferred into or out of a system.

The human body temperature is normally 98.6°F. As a person exercises, the body temperature starts to increase. As a result of the increased body temperature, the perspiration process
begins to cool the body. Which best describes what the body is doing when it perspires?
A. increasing osmosis
B. reducing transpiration
C. controlling metabolism
D. maintaining homeostasis

What is NOT a physical change
A. Getting clothes wet
B. Burning a candle
C. Breaking glass

how do Asian elephant move​

How is wastewater used in water recycling programs? WILL GIVE BRAINLEST HELP ASAP
Answer Choices:
drinking water
sprinkler systems
virus filtration
chemical pollution

which plant structure is most similar in function to a lizards eggs?

answer choices:
flowers

pollen

seeds

stems

(pls don’t guess or leave links)

Melissa is investigating how different types of music affect student heart rates. what is the dependent variable?