Prisons and military boot camps are examples of what Erving Goffman calls: c. total institutions, To predict the behavior of members of a social group we can use b. the number of people in the group, the "right to be forgotten" a policy is in a. European Union.
Erving Goffman, a sociologist, introduced the concept of "total institutions." Total institutions are social institutions where individuals are subjected to strict rules, regulations, and control over their daily lives. These institutions encompass all aspects of an individual's existence, including their activities, behavior, and identity.
Georg Simmel, another sociologist, proposed that the behavior of members in a social group can be predicted based on the number of people in the group. Simmel argued that the size of a group influences the dynamics and interactions among its members. .
The "right to be forgotten" policy is primarily associated with the European Union (EU). The EU introduced the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018, which includes provisions for the "right to be forgotten." This right allows individuals to request the removal of their personal information from online platforms and search engine results under certain circumstances.
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Sarah Bellum,a student in an English class,read about a replication of the Milgram experiment. In this replication the teacher's face is covered. The shocks start at 15 volts and increase by 15 volts for each incorrect answer given This teacher gives the highest level voltage and afterwards says that the learner deserved to be shocked for being so trembling and becoming tearful when giving shocks at the higher levels. After the completion of the experiment,the teacher (subject is asked why they shocked the leamer. They replied,The experimenter told me to do so-they are responsible!" In her essay,Sarah expresses outrage that any individual would be willing to shock an innocent person. She is certain that she could never do such a thing and that the teacher must be a sadistic person.. Apply each of the following terms to explain the paragraph above and answer the stated questions Deindividuation Foot in the Door phenomenon Cognitive dissonance Fundamental Attribution Error What are the ethical concerns in this replication?
The ethical concerns in this replication include the infliction of harm and distress on the learner, deception of the teacher, and the absence of debriefing procedures. The use of deception and the potential for psychological harm raise questions about informed consent and participant well-being.
In the given scenario, several psychological terms can be applied to explain Sarah Bellum's reaction.
1. Deindividuation: Deindividuation refers to a state in which individuals lose their sense of personal identity and responsibility, often occurring in situations where they feel anonymous or are part of a group.
The teacher's face being covered in the replication of the Milgram experiment contributes to deindividuation, as it removes personal accountability, making it easier for individuals to engage in harmful behavior.
2. Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon: The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon suggests that people are more likely to comply with larger requests after agreeing to smaller ones.
In the experiment, the shocks start at a relatively low voltage and gradually increase.
The teacher's compliance with delivering shocks at lower levels paves the way for them to justify and continue with the higher levels.
3. Cognitive Dissonance: Cognitive dissonance occurs when individuals experience discomfort due to conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
Sarah Bellum's outrage and disbelief stem from her perception that she could never engage in such shocking behavior.
Witnessing the teacher's actions creates a dissonance between her belief about herself and the behavior she witnesses, leading to a strong emotional reaction.
4. Fundamental Attribution Error: The Fundamental Attribution Error refers to the tendency to overestimate internal factors, such as personal characteristics, when explaining others' behavior, while underestimating situational factors.
Sarah attributes the teacher's behavior to sadism, assuming that the teacher must be inherently cruel rather than considering the situational factors at play in the experiment.
Regarding the ethical concerns in this replication, there are several issues to consider. First, the experiment involves the infliction of harm and distress on the learner, potentially causing long-lasting psychological effects.
This raises ethical questions about the well-being and protection of the participants.
Additionally, the use of deception, where the teacher is misled about the purpose of the experiment, raises concerns about informed consent and the potential for psychological harm.
The replication also lacks debriefing procedures to ensure the well-being of the participants after the experiment.
Ethical research practices require balancing the pursuit of knowledge with the protection and welfare of the participants involved.
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Behind Garfield Grammar School, 100 fifth graders are participating in the annual field day. About how many of these students are rejected by their peers?
Answer:
12
Explanation:
Garfiel Grammar School states that among 100 fifth graders, about 12 students are not chosen by their colleagues to form teams for the annual field day. This happens for many reasons, among which we can mention the lack of positive physical attributes, the lack of skill and the socialization difficulties that these rejected students may present. In this case, it is important that teachers and responsible adults create strategies to reduce this number of rejected students, preventing these students from having low self-esteem and becoming more introverted, in addition to discouraging them from participating in school activities.
he first psychosocial stage proposed by Erikson, that is, trust versus mistrust is entirely dependent on how parents interact with their infants such that an infant feels safe and secure in the world around them. The psychopathological outcomes associated with this stage are depression, psychosis, and addictions.
According to Erikson's Psychosocial stages, failure to successfully resolve trust vs mistrust conflict is associated with A. Psychosis, addictions, depression
What is psychosis?Psychosis is a mental condition that causes a person to lose track of events happening in reality. Erickson was one scientist who believed that if there is a failure to handle trust issues, the people involved misght be plagued with psychosis.
They could also become addicted to things and finally fall into depression. So, option A is right.
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Complete Question:
According to Erikson's Psychosocial stages, failure to successfully resolve trust vs mistrust conflict is associated with which of the following pathological outcomes?
A. Psychosis, addictions, depression
B. Paranoia, obsessions, compulsions
C. Phobias, psychosomatic disorders
D. Inertia, creative inhibition
describe the factors that may impact a person’s ability or desire to deviate from the norm and choose not to conform to group pressure.
Humans are social creatures and often succumb to group pressure to conform. However, several factors may impact a person's ability or desire to deviate from the norm and choose not to conform to group pressure.
Some of these factors are discussed below:
1. Personality: A person's personality may influence their ability to resist group pressure. Individuals who are confident, independent, and self-assured are more likely to resist conformity. In contrast, individuals who are anxious, insecure, and lack self-esteem are more likely to conform.
2. Group Size: The size of the group has a significant impact on an individual's ability to resist conformity. Individuals are more likely to conform to larger groups as compared to smaller ones.
3. Culture: Culture plays a significant role in shaping people's attitudes and values. Cultures that emphasize conformity and obedience to authority are more likely to produce individuals who conform to group pressure.
4. Gender: Studies have shown that women are more likely to conform to group pressure than men.
5. Ambiguity: Ambiguity or lack of clarity in a situation makes it difficult for individuals to make decisions. In such situations, individuals are more likely to conform to group pressure.
In conclusion, several factors impact a person's ability or desire to deviate from the norm and choose not to conform to group pressure. These factors range from personality, group size, culture, gender, and ambiguity. It is essential to be aware of these factors to make informed decisions in different situations.
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The U.S CPI is a Laspayres price index (base year weights). All things equal it will a. Overstate inflation
b. Understate inflation
c. cannot be calculated
d. neither understates nor overstates inflation
e. None of the above
All of the things will equal it will overstate inflation. Option a is correct.
An index that uses Laspayres price index as its foundation and uses the base year weights to determine the weighted average of the prices is known as a Laspeyres price index. This index's worth is an overstatement of the real value, so the US CPI is overstatement inflation.
All these price indices are utilized to compute the average change in costs over a set length of time. They are used to measure the magnitude of inflation or deflation in the economy.
Therefore, a is correct.
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assume that a traditional broadcast television network in the united states introduces a prime-time show that primarily focuses on investigative journalism. the program aims to expose corrupt government personnel involved in scandalous activities and seeks to uncover hidden evidence. based on these activities, the television program most likely is performing the media function of a
The television program described, which focuses on investigative journalism, exposing corrupt government personnel, and uncovering hidden evidence, most likely performs the media function of "watchdog."
The watchdog function of the media refers to its role in monitoring and holding those in power accountable. It involves investigating and exposing wrongdoing, corruption, and misconduct within government institutions or other influential entities.
By shining a light on such activities, the media aims to inform the public, create transparency, and ensure that those in positions of power are held responsible for their actions. In this scenario, the prime-time show on the traditional broadcast television network aligns with the watchdog function by engaging in investigative journalism and targeting corrupt government personnel.
It seeks to uncover hidden evidence and reveal the truth behind scandalous activities, serving as a watchdog by bringing attention to potential wrongdoing and promoting accountability. By fulfilling the watchdog function, the program contributes to the role of the media as a check on power, promoting transparency and accountability in society.
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What can you conclude from this graph?
-))
A)
Australia's current government has no power over its domestic affairs.
B)
Australia has had a positive influence on other economies in the Pacific.
Australians are at the mercy of the country's national economic standards.
D)
The Australian government spends relatively little time controlling their
economy.
Answer: i may be wrong but try D
Explanation: because Australia’s economic freedom score is 82.4, making its economy the 3rd freest in the 2021 Index. Its overall score has decreased by 0.2 point, primarily because of a decline in the score for government spending.
Which increased the likelihood that participants would disobey in milgram's obedience study?
The presence of disobedient peers increased the likelihood that participants would disobey in Milgram's obedience study.
Milgram's obedience study, conducted in the 1960s, aimed to investigate how individuals respond to authority figures and their willingness to administer electric shocks to another person. The study examined various factors that influenced obedience.
In the study, one significant factor that increased the likelihood of disobedience was the presence of disobedient peers. When participants observed others refusing to comply with the experimenter's commands, it created a social influence that challenged the authority of the situation. This defiance by peers provided an alternative model for behavior and reduced the perceived legitimacy of the experiment, leading participants to resist the authority's orders.
Through social reinforcement and validation from disobedient peers, participants were more likely to follow suit and disobey. The influence of peers demonstrated the power of social dynamics in shaping behavior and challenging authority.
To summarize, in Milgram's obedience study, the presence of disobedient peers played a crucial role in increasing the likelihood of participants disobeying the authority's commands, showcasing the influence of social factors on individual behavior.
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according to cognitive- mediational theories, appraisal of the situation comes the physical arousal and the experience of emotion, and the pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by
According to cognitive- mediational theories, appraisal of the situation comes before the physical arousal and the experience of emotion, and the pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by intrinsic motivation.
Cognitive- mediational theories relate to how cognitive activity mediates between stimuli and behavioral responses. According to these theories, appraisal (the evaluation of a situation as being potentially relevant to the individual's well-being) occurs before physical arousal and the experience of emotion. Hence, it can be concluded that appraisal plays a crucial role in the cognitive-mediational theory of emotion.Basically, the cognitive-mediational theory of emotion proposes that an individual's evaluation (or appraisal) of a situation plays a crucial role in determining the emotion that they experience in response to it. A stimulus (an event or situation) is evaluated as either good or bad by the individual before the emotion occurs. Once the situation is evaluated, physical arousal (the physiological response of the body to the stimulus) occurs, and finally, the individual experiences the emotion.Intrinsic motivation is the pursuit of an activity for its own sake, without any external reward or motivation. In other words, the activity is performed because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable to the individual. This type of motivation is the opposite of extrinsic motivation, which is the pursuit of an activity for the sake of some external reward or motivation (such as money, praise, or recognition).Therefore, it can be concluded that according to cognitive- mediational theories, appraisal of the situation comes before physical arousal and the experience of emotion, and the pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by intrinsic motivation.
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there is social harmony in nepal give one example
Answer:
Of course there is social harmony in Nepal. Because people in Nepal live with love and respect towards each other. They have love and respect towards each other. They don't discriminate between each other in the basis of religion, gender, race, ethnic communities and many other. They live with harmony and non-violence.
Muhammad and Alia are in their twenties. They share a household and an intimate sexual relationship with one another. They feel that their arrangement works well, since they are able to share the rent, the bills, and household responsibilities with one another. As economic conditions worsen, they see more of their friends in this type of relationship as well. Also, both of their parents are divorced, and Muhammad and Alia are both concerned that this could be a path that they could follow. Muhammad and Alia's social relationship is best described as
Answer:
yes they will become one person and box ahahhaha
Explanation:
which climate is a subcategory of polar climates
There are two types of polar climate: ET and TY, or tundra climate; and EF, or ice cap climate. A tundra climate is characterized by having at least one month whose average temperature is above 0 °C (32 °F), while an ice cap climate has no months above 0 °C (32 °F).
Which of the following funds of a government uses the same basis of accounting as a proprietary fund?
Permanent fund.
Investment trust fund.
Special revenue fund.
Capital projects fund.
Investment trust fund.
The Permanent Fund uses the same basis of accounting as a proprietary fund, option A is correct.
The Permanent Fund uses the same basis of accounting as a proprietary fund. A proprietary fund is an accounting entity used to account for government activities that are similar to those of a business, such as revenue-generating activities. It follows accrual accounting, which records transactions when they occur, regardless of when the cash is received or paid.
Similarly, the Permanent Fund is a government fund established to manage and invest resources for the long term. It typically generates investment income and follows the same accrual basis of accounting used by proprietary funds. This allows for accurate tracking of revenue, expenses, and investment returns, providing transparency and accountability for the fund's financial activities, option A is correct.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following funds of a government uses the same basis of accounting as a proprietary fund?
A.Permanent fund.
B.Investment trust fund.
C.Special revenue fund.
D.Capital projects fund.
E.Investment trust fund.
What is the legacy of Aurelius Augustinus (or Augustine)?
1. Destroying temples in Rome
2. Starting the Roman Catholic Church
3. Writing down a code of laws
4. Being the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire
Edit: Took too long the answer is 2.
Answer:
I searched it up and you got the correct answer.
Explanation:
Answer: 2. Starting the Roman Catholic Church
Explanation:
You are indeed right that the answer is option 2.
Aurelius Augustus did not so much as start the Catholic Church as he did lay the foundation of it with his teachings.
Aurelius wrote about various topics in Christianity such as the Original sin, the City of God, the Holy Trinity and his various thoughts on Christian doctrine. Adherents of most of his teachings would later evolve into the Roman Catholic Church.
Aurelius has been recognized as a saint in the major Christian denominations of Catholicism, Anglicanism and the Eastern Orthodox Church which would make him one of the most respected figures in clergy history.
Leading and managing are two very different things. Being a manager means something more than gaining authority or charge over former colleagues. With the title does come the power to affect company outcomes, but it also comes with something more: the power to shape the careers and personal growth of subordinates. According to Steve Keating, a senior manager at the Toro Company, it is important not to assume that being made a manager automatically makes you a leader. Rather, being a manager means having the opportunity to lead. Enterprises need managers to guide processes, but the employees—the people—need a leader. Keating believes that leaders need a mindset that emphasizes people, and the leader’s job is to help the people in the organisation to be successful. According to Keating, "If you don’t care for people, you can’t lead them" (Hakim 2017 n.p.). For someone who has been promoted over his peers, ground rules are essential. "Promotion doesn’t mean the end of friendship but it does change it," according to Keating. If a peer has been promoted, rather than grouse and give in to envy, it is important to step back and look at the new manager; take a hard look at why the peer was promoted and what skill or characteristic made you a less appealing fit for the position (Hakim 2017).
What do you think are the most important qualities in a leader? In a manager? Are your two lists mutually exclusive? Why?
Leadership qualities: Inspirational Ability to communicate Ability to develop others Honesty and integrity Visionary Risk-taking skills.
Managerial qualities: Planning and organization skills Time management skills Ability to delegate Authority and responsibility Effective communication skills These two lists are not mutually exclusive.
A leader must have the ability to communicate and develop others, while a manager needs to plan and have organizational skills. Leaders must also have honesty and integrity and the ability to take risks. On the other hand, managerial skills include the ability to delegate, have authority, and responsibility to ensure that tasks are done efficiently and effectively. The two are similar, but they differ in terms of the skills required for each role, as well as the scope of their responsibilities.
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The caregiver training benefit is for OA) reimbursing informal caregivers for the cost of providing care O B) reimbursing formal caregivers for the cost of providing care OC) training formal caregivers OD) training informal caregivers
The caregiver training benefit is designed to help informal caregivers to get reimbursed for the cost of providing care. Option a is correct.
The training benefit covers the training costs of the informal caregivers who work to take care of their loved ones, family members, friends or neighbors. The caregiver training benefit is not designed to reimburse formal caregivers for the cost of providing care nor for training formal caregivers.
The benefit is available for informal caregivers who are looking to gain more knowledge and skills related to providing care services.
The caregiver training benefit program was initiated by the Government of Canada. The benefit is designed to provide the much-needed assistance to the informal caregivers who are providing care for their loved ones and need financial support to cover the cost of the training.
Therefore a is correct.
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How did the Council of Trent react to the ideas of reformers? (4 points)
a
It agreed with all of the changes that were requested.
b
It created rules to allow individual Bible interpretation.
c
It ignored them and made no changes to Church policy.
d
It tried to address corrupt practices in the Church.
Answer:
The correct answer is Choice D.
(It tried to address corrupt practices in the Church.)
Explanation:
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is the first amendment a recipe for political opposition to the government. t/f
Yes, the above statement is true. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution provides crucial protections for freedom of speech, religion, the press, assembly, and the right to petition the government.
These protections allow individuals and groups to express dissenting views and engage in political opposition to the government. The First Amendment serves as a safeguard against government censorship and promotes a robust marketplace of ideas, ensuring that citizens can openly criticize government actions, voice their opinions, and advocate for change. It enables the expression of diverse perspectives, encourages public discourse, and facilitates the peaceful exercise of democratic rights.
By protecting the freedom to criticize and challenge the government, the First Amendment fosters an environment where political opposition can thrive, contributing to a healthy democracy.
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In your opinion, which form of government do you think is the most effective? Why do you feel that way? Provide your answer in at least one complete sentence.
Share your thoughts and feedback on the two different curriculums of houghton mifflin, and McGraw hill in English 12
Both Houghton Mifflin and McGraw Hill offer English 12 curriculums, but further analysis is needed to provide specific feedback.
Houghton Mifflin and McGraw Hill are well-known educational publishers that offer English 12 curriculums. Both curriculums aim to provide comprehensive language arts instruction, focusing on literature, writing, critical thinking, and communication skills.The specific content and approach may vary between the two curriculums. Houghton Mifflin may emphasize literary analysis, close reading, and engaging with a wide range of literary works. On the other hand, McGraw Hill might focus on integrated language arts skills, including reading, writing, speaking, and listening.The effectiveness of each curriculum depends on various factors, including the teaching methods employed, the alignment with educational standards, and the needs of students. It is essential for educators and schools to assess the suitability of the curriculums for their specific educational goals and student population.Ultimately, an in-depth evaluation and comparison of the two curriculums would require a detailed analysis of their content, instructional strategies, and alignment with specific educational objectives.For more such questions on Houghton Mifflin:
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A group of U.S. military veterans are planning to gather at a memorial to read the names of fallen comrades and give speeches calling for an end to war. This assembly is protected by the 1st Amendment, assuming that it A. does not encourage other people to participate. B. does not raise criticisms of government policies. C. does not enlist the support of other groups. D. does not interfere with the rights of other citizens.
Why does Hannah Johnson say the Emancipation
Proclamation "will make the Angels sing" Lincoln's
praises?
Answer:
C/ Because he has corrected something wicked
Explanation:
I am taking the assignment right now
Answer:
C / because he has corrected something wicked
Explanation:
Which is typically measured in an effort to assess subjective well-being?
Subjective well-being is typically measured through various indicators and assessments, with the primary focus on individuals' self-reported experiences and perceptions.
One commonly used measure to assess subjective well-being is the survey-based instrument called the "Subjective Well-Being Scale" or "Happiness Scale." This scale includes items that ask individuals to rate their overall life satisfaction, happiness levels, and the presence of positive and negative emotions.
Another measure frequently used is the "Positive and Negative Affect Schedule" (PANAS), which assesses positive and negative affect or emotions experienced by individuals. Participants rate the extent to which they have experienced specific emotions, such as joy, enthusiasm, sadness, and anger, during a particular time period.
Additionally, subjective well-being can be assessed through open-ended questions or interviews that allow individuals to express their feelings, life satisfaction, and overall happiness in their own words. These qualitative assessments provide a deeper understanding of subjective experiences and factors contributing to well-being.
Overall, the measurement of subjective well-being focuses on capturing individuals' self-perceptions, emotions, and satisfaction with life, providing valuable insights into their overall well-being and happiness.
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Explain what happened in the kansas nebraska act
Answer:
It became law on May 30, 1854. The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. It also produced a violent uprising known as “Bleeding Kansas,” as proslavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote.
Explanation:
Answer:
It became law on May 30, 1854. The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. It also produced a violent uprising known as “Bleeding Kansas,” as proslavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote
Explanation:
alex has not had a shower or use deodorant for one week. his classmates refused to sit next to him and they have sent him a bar of soap anonymously. alex has violated a:
The situation presented in the question mentions that Alex hasn't taken a shower or used deodorant for a week and due to the unpleasant odor, his classmates refused to sit next to him and sent him a bar of soap anonymously. The term that describes Alex's violation in this case is personal hygiene.
Personal hygiene refers to practices that keep our bodies clean, prevent the spread of diseases, and promote overall good health. It is a vital aspect of maintaining good health and preventing the spread of illness. In this case, Alex's poor personal hygiene led to unpleasant body odor that made his classmates uncomfortable and led to his violation.
By neglecting these practices for a week, Alex has deviated from the expected standards of personal hygiene, leading to discomfort among his classmates. The anonymous gift of a bar of soap suggests that others have noticed his lack of hygiene and are indirectly trying to address the issue. It is important for individuals to maintain good personal hygiene to promote cleanliness, social comfort, and overall well-being.
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Za’atar is a spice blend from which country?
A. Lima
B. Lebanon
C. Morocco
D. South Africa
describe two different ways of measuring the growth of the federal bureaucracy
The two different ways of measuring the growth of the federal bureaucracy are the number of federal employees and the federal budget allocated for the bureaucracy.
The federal bureaucracy refers to the agencies and departments responsible for implementing federal laws and policies. It comprises of numerous agencies, departments, and commissions that perform various functions to enable the government to operate effectively.
The growth of the federal bureaucracy can be measured in different ways, but two common methods are the number of federal employees and the federal budget allocated for the bureaucracy.
Number of federal employees:
The number of federal employees is one way of measuring the growth of the federal bureaucracy. This measurement entails counting the number of workers employed in the various agencies, departments, and commissions of the federal government.The number of federal employees has been increasing over time, with the bureaucracy experiencing significant growth during the 1930s and the 1960s. During the 1930s, the bureaucracy expanded due to the enactment of New Deal programs that created new agencies and departments to address various national challenges, such as the Great Depression.In the 1960s, the bureaucracy grew due to the creation of new programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, and the War on Poverty that required the hiring of new staff. As a result, the number of federal employees increased from around 700,000 in 1960 to over 2.7 million in 2010.Federal budget allocated for the bureaucracy:
Another way of measuring the growth of the federal bureaucracy is by examining the federal budget allocated for the bureaucracy. This measurement involves analyzing the federal government's spending on the various agencies, departments, and commissions of the bureaucracy.The federal budget allocated for the bureaucracy has been increasing over time, with the bureaucracy's share of the federal budget rising from 3% in 1900 to over 20% in 2010. The increasing budget has enabled the bureaucracy to undertake various initiatives and programs aimed at addressing the national challenges and improving the quality of life for Americans.In conclusion, the growth of the federal bureaucracy can be measured in different ways, including the number of federal employees and the federal budget allocated for the bureaucracy.
These two methods provide a comprehensive view of the bureaucracy's expansion and can help policymakers and researchers understand its impact on government operations.
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Describe the popular forms of art in the 19th century. (Site 2)
Answer:
· Realism, often referred to as Naturalism, originated in France in the 1850’s in the wake of the 1848 French Revolution
Explanation:
T/F : a qualitative case study design allows research to develop a theory from a bottom-up approach.
This statement is true, a qualitative case study design allows research to develop a theory from a bottom-up approach. What is a qualitative case study design? A case study design is a research strategy that involves the close examination of a particular phenomenon or individual over a specified period of time.
A qualitative research design, on the other hand, is one that prioritizes the collection of non-numerical data such as interview data, text data, and visual data, among others. The goal of qualitative research is to comprehend the experiences and beliefs of study participants as they relate to the study phenomenon. A qualitative case study design allows research to develop a theory from a bottom-up approach.
A bottom-up approach to research involves developing a theory by beginning with the study data and working upwards, as opposed to a top-down approach where a theory is constructed first and then tested using data. In other words, a qualitative case study allows researchers to analyze the data they collect in order to establish new insights and theories that they would not have discovered otherwise.
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who invented the internet and what year was it invented ? HURRY PLEASE
Answer:
Bob Kahn in the 1960s
Explanation:
Robert Kahn in the 1960s