The University of Ghana Business School (UGBS) is considering establishing a campus in Nigeria. The institution is one of the most reputable business schools in Africa and aims to extend its reach to other African countries.
As the Officer in charge of Institutional Growth and Expansion, I'm tasked with preparing a marketing research brief to XZee Consult, a marketing research firm in Ghana, to support the process.Main AnswerAs XZee Consult prepares for the marketing research, it's vital to establish the problem statement. The UGBS aims to understand the market needs in Nigeria and tailor its programs to meet these needs. Therefore, the primary research problem is to determine the viability of the UGBS in Nigeria.To ensure the study provides valuable information, the following research objectives should be considered:i. To identify the business programs that are in high demand in Nigeriaii. To determine the potential competitors in Nigeria's education sector and their strengths and weaknessesiii. To determine the preference of Nigerian students and employers regarding international qualifications and local ones.iv. To assess the expected demand for business education in Nigeria over the next five years.The methodology used should be both qualitative and quantitative. It's important to identify various stakeholders such as students, employers, and government regulatory bodies to provide a comprehensive analysis of the education sector in Nigeria. The research should involve collecting data from secondary sources such as government reports, education sector data, and research papers. Additionally, surveys and focus groups can be used to collect primary data.The data collected should be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics can be used to describe the characteristics of the population and the sample. Inferential statistics will be used to make generalizations about the population based on the sample data. A regression analysis can also be used to establish the relationship between the variables and make predictions on the future demand for business education.
The UGBS should consider establishing a campus in Nigeria. However, this decision should be based on well-informed market research. XZee Consult is an excellent partner for the research and will deliver comprehensive results. The study's success will depend on proper research design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Therefore, it's recommended that the research is conducted by experienced professionals using appropriate research methodologies. The research findings will be crucial in informing the UGBS' decision and ensuring its success in Nigeria.
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According to the New Trade Theory, after the Home country begins trading with another country: (3 Marks) (a) Home consumers have access to more products than before (b) Home firms have access to more consumers than before (c) The number of Home firms decreases in the long run (d) All answers are correct
The New Trade Theory suggests that after the Home country begins trading with another country, home firms have access to more consumers than before.
New Trade Theory is a branch of economics that deals with the rise of globalization. It claims that economies of scale, network effects, and first-mover benefits provide businesses with long-term competitive advantages.
These factors enable companies to manufacture goods at a lower cost than their competitors while providing consumers with more options and lower prices .In relation to the question, the correct option is:(b) Home firms have access to more consumers than before.
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Dongguk Industry, adopting Perpetual Inventory recording system, recorded two inventory layers by the end of June 30- 1 100 units x unit cost $20 (purchased on June 25) 80 units x unit cost $22 Dongguk Industry physically counted to identify 175 units and Net Realiable Value is valued at $19 per unit. If the company uses FIFO cost flow assumption, what are the inventory shrinkage loss and inventory valuation loss? a. Inventory shrinkage loss: $100. b. Inventory shrinkage loss: $95. c. Inventory shrinkage loss: $105. d. Inventory shrinkage loss: $110. Inventory valuation loss: $335 Inventory valuation loss: $340 Inventory valuation loss: $330 Inventory valuation loss: $325 vetem?
The inventory shrinkage loss can be calculated by multiplying the cost of the missing units ($20) by the number of missing units (5):
$20 * 5 = $100. The correct answer is option (a)
To calculate the inventory shrinkage loss, we need to determine the value of the missing units using the FIFO (First-In-First-Out) cost flow assumption.
According to the information provided, Dongguk Industry recorded two inventory layers by the end of June 30th:
100 units purchased on June 25th at a unit cost of $20.
80 units purchased at an unknown date with a unit cost of $22.
The physical count revealed only 175 units, which means that 5 units are missing (100 + 80 - 175 = 5).
Using the FIFO method, the cost of the missing units would be based on the earliest purchased units, which were the 100 units purchased on June 25th at a unit cost of $20. Therefore, the cost of the missing units is $20 per unit.
The inventory shrinkage loss can be calculated:
$20 * 5 = $100
Therefore, the correct answer is option (a) Inventory shrinkage loss: $100.
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--The complete question is, Dongguk Industry, adopting Perpetual Inventory recording system, recorded two inventory layers by the end of June 30- 1 100 units x unit cost $20 (purchased on June 25) 80 units x unit cost $22 Dongguk Industry physically counted to identify 175 units and Net Realiable Value is valued at $19 per unit. If the company uses FIFO cost flow assumption, what are the inventory shrinkage loss ?
a. Inventory shrinkage loss: $100.
b. Inventory shrinkage loss: $95.
c. Inventory shrinkage loss: $105.
d. Inventory shrinkage loss: $110.--
If a company illegally dumps chemicals and is at risk of being caught and fined, which value driver is most negatively impacted? O Risk premiums O Cost savings O New market entry Pricing power Questio
The value driver that is most negatively impacted when a company illegally dumps chemicals and is at risk of being caught and fined is "Risk premiums." So, the correct choice is the option Risk premium.
Risk premiums represent the additional costs or charges imposed on a company due to the higher level of risk associated with its operations. In the given scenario, the company's illegal dumping of chemicals not only violates environmental regulations but also exposes the company to potential legal consequences, such as fines and penalties. This non-compliant behavior increases the company's risk profile, making it more likely to face legal actions and financial liabilities.
When a company engages in illegal activities, it faces reputational damage and loss of trust from stakeholders, including customers, investors, and regulatory authorities.As a result, insurance providers, lenders, and investors may demand higher risk premiums to compensate for the increased risk exposure associated with the company's operations.The negative impact on risk premiums reflects the perception of heightened financial and operational risks, which can lead to increased costs for the company in terms of higher interest rates, insurance premiums, or limitations on access to capital.Therefore, in the given scenario, the value driver most negatively impacted would be "Risk premiums."
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A company decides to create a new titanium range of their men's wedding rings. To do this they will need to buy titanium metal and a new laser sizing tool to ensure exact sizing (titanium can't be resized).
The current price for a silver men's ring is AED10,000 and it costs the company AED5,000 to make. Customers are willing to pay an extra AED5000 for a similar yet titanium-based ring. However, over the first year it is estimated to cost the company an extra AED2,000 per ring for the titanium metal and AED1,000 per ring for the laser sizing machine (across the first year). Based on a value-based pricing what is the maximum they could price their new titanium ring?
a. 13,000 AED
b. 15,000 AED
c. 18,000 AED
d. 20,000 AED
Based on value-based pricing, the maximum price the company could set for their new titanium ring would be d. 20,000 AED.
To determine the maximum price, we consider the additional costs and the willingness of customers to pay a premium for the titanium-based ring.
The current cost to make a silver ring is 5,000 AED, and customers are willing to pay an extra 5,000 AED for a titanium ring. This gives us a base price of 10,000 AED (cost to make) + 5,000 AED (customer willingness to pay) = 15,000 AED.
However, we need to account for the additional costs of using titanium and the laser sizing machine. These costs amount to 2,000 AED for titanium metal and 1,000 AED for the laser sizing machine per ring, totaling 3,000 AED in additional costs per ring.
By adding the additional costs to the base price, we get 15,000 AED + 3,000 AED = 18,000 AED.
Since the question asks for the maximum price, we round up to the nearest option, which is d. 20,000 AED. This pricing allows the company to cover the additional costs associated with the new titanium range while maximizing their potential profit.
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Suppose that we include government spending in the model. Total govern- ment spending is given by G₁ = N₁T where 7 is a lump sum tax collected from all young agents. This means that per capita government spending, gt = is constant and given by T. The utility maximization problem is max U₁ = ln Cy.t + Bln Co,t+1 Cy.t.Co,t+1-St s.t. Cy,t + St = W₁ - T Co,t+1 = St Rt+1. Solve for the optimal st as a function of factor prices, 7, and other parameters.
The optimal set as a function of factor prices, 7, and other parameters is given as follows; Taking the first-order condition of the Lagrangian:Ln Cy, [tex]t - Lt + λt = 0Ln Co[/tex], [tex]t+1 + βλt+1 = 0[/tex], [tex]Lt - Ct - gt = 0[/tex].
Since the lump-sum tax is given by T = g₁/N₁, where N₁ is the number of young people, the per capita government spending is given by g_t = T. Thus, gt is a constant. Therefore, [tex]Lt = Ct + gt[/tex].
Substituting the Lagrange multiplier from the goods market clearing condition into the agent’s budget constraint yields; Ct + St = W₁ - T. Since the intertemporal budget constraint holds with equality, Co,[tex]t+1 = St (Rt+1)[/tex]. From the first-order condition of the Lagrangian, Lt - Ct - gt = 0, we know that Ct + St = W₁ - T.Thus, Lt = W₁ - T - Co,t+1Rt+1.
Substituting for Lt and Co,t+1 in the first budget constraint above, we get;[tex]Ct = (W₁ - T - Co,t+1Rt+1 - gt)/(1+β)[/tex]. Therefore;[tex]St = (1/ R_t+1)(W₁ - T - Co,t+1R_t+1 - g_t)/(1+β)[/tex].
Substituting Co,t+1 = StRt+1 and simplifying, we obtain;[tex]St = (1/(1+β+R_t+1))(W₁ - T)/(1+R_t+1) - (1/(1+β+R_t+1))(g_t/(1+R_t+1))[/tex]The optimal value of it is obtained by substituting in the values of Rt+1 and other parameters and solving for St.
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QUESTION 5 If the actual fixed costs total $167000 with the actual number of units produced equal to 120, and the budgeted fixed costs were $162000 and the budgeted units to be produced are 150, and t
Fixed Costs Rate Variance: $5,000 (Favorable), Production Volume Variance: -$4,860,000 (Unfavorable), Flexible Budget Variance: -$19,400 (Unfavorable), Over/Under Allocated Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Variance: -$1,000 (Unfavorable).
To calculate the variances, we need to use the following formulas:
Fixed Costs Rate Variance:
Fixed Costs Rate Variance = (Actual Fixed Costs - Budgeted Fixed Costs)
Fixed Costs Rate Variance = $167,000 - $162,000 = $5,000 (Favorable)
Production Volume Variance:
Production Volume Variance = (Actual Units Produced - Budgeted Units Produced) × Budgeted Fixed Costs
Production Volume Variance = (120 - 150) × $162,000 = -$4,860,000 (Unfavorable)
Flexible Budget Variance:
Flexible Budget Variance = (Actual Units Produced × Budgeted Fixed Costs per Unit) - Actual Fixed Costs
Budgeted Fixed Costs per Unit = Budgeted Fixed Costs / Budgeted Units Produced
Budgeted Fixed Costs per Unit = $162,000 / 150 = $1,080
Flexible Budget Variance = (120 × $1,080) - $167,000 = -$19,400 (Unfavorable)
Over/Under Allocated Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Variance:
Over/Under Allocated Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Variance = Actual Fixed Manufacturing Overhead - (Actual Hours × Fixed Overhead Rate)
Fixed Overhead Rate = Budgeted Fixed Manufacturing Overhead / Budgeted Hours
Fixed Overhead Rate = $162,000 / 600 = $270
Over/Under Allocated Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Variance = $167,000 - (600 × $270) = -$1,000 (Unfavorable)
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The question is -
If the actual fixed costs total $167000 with the actual number of units produced equal to 120, and the budgeted fixed costs were $162000 and the budgeted units to be produced are 150, the hours per unit are 4 and total hours are 600. What is the fixed costs rate variance, production volume variance the flexible budget variance, and the over/under allocated fixed manufacturing overhead variance? Indicate whether the variances are favorable or unfavorable.
ilicon Inc. has provided the following information for the year ended December 31, Year 1.
Master Budget Actual Costs
5,000 units 4,500 units
Direct materials $ 35,000 $ 32,500 Direct labor 15,000 12,500 Variable manufacturing overhead 8,000 7,800 Fixed manufacturing overhead 16,000 17,500 Total manufacturing cost $ 74,000 $ 70,300 Knowledge Check 01
What is the direct materials spending variance?
a) $1,000 favorable
b) $1,000 unfavorable
c) $3,500 favorable
d) $3,500 unfavorable
The direct materials spending variance for Silicon Inc. is $1,000 unfavorable. The correct answer is b) $1,000 unfavorable.
To calculate the direct materials spending variance, we need to compare the actual costs of direct materials with the budgeted costs.
The budgeted direct materials cost is $35,000 for 5,000 units, which gives us a standard cost per unit of $7 ($35,000 / 5,000 units).
The actual direct materials cost is $32,500 for 4,500 units.
To find the direct materials spending variance, we calculate the difference between the actual cost and the budgeted cost:
Actual cost - Budgeted cost = $32,500 - ($7 * 4,500) = $32,500 - $31,500 = $1,000 unfavorable.
Therefore, the direct materials spending variance is $1,000 unfavorable.
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Wayfair Producers manufactures boats in two departments, Molding and Finishing. This problem focuses on the first of these departments, the Molding Department All materials in the Molding Department are added at the beginning of the production process. On April 1, the Molding Department had 30 units in process that were 20% complete with respect to conversion cost. On April 30, Molding had 20 units in process that were 40% complete with respect to conversion cost. During April, the Molding Department completed 76 units and transferred them to the Finishing Department. What are the Molding Department's equivalent units of production related to materials for April?
The Molding Department's equivalent units of production related to materials for April are 90 units.
To calculate the Molding Department's equivalent units of production related to materials for April, we need to consider the units that are in process and the units that have been completed and transferred to the Finishing Department.
Units in process as of April 1: 30 units (20% complete)
Units in process as of April 30: 20 units (40% complete)
Units completed and transferred: 76 units
To calculate the equivalent units of production, we need to determine the equivalent units for both the units in process and the completed units.
For the units in process as of April 1, the equivalent units of production related to materials would be:
30 units * 20% = 6 equivalent units
For the units in process as of April 30, the equivalent units of production related to materials would be:
20 units * 40% = 8 equivalent units
The completed units would contribute their full quantity as equivalent units, so the equivalent units for the completed and transferred units would be:
76 units * 100% = 76 equivalent units
To find the total equivalent units of production related to materials for April, we sum up the equivalent units from each category:
6 equivalent units (units in process as of April 1) + 8 equivalent units (units in process as of April 30) + 76 equivalent units (completed and transferred units) = 90 equivalent units.
Therefore, the equivalent units of production related to materials for the Molding Department in April amount to a total of 90 units.
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which sentence uses numbers correctly? the marketing manager wrote six new press releases. the marketing manager wrote 6 new press releases.
The sentence "The marketing manager wrote 6 new press releases" uses numbers correctly.
In general, when writing numbers, it is customary to spell out numbers from 0 to 9 (for example, 0, 1, 5), and to use numerals for values 10 and above (for example, 12, 25, 100). To use numerals or spell out numbers. however, there are style manuals that may have specific guidelines, especially in formal writing or specific contexts like scientific papers or legal documents.
It is crucial to follow the specific style manual or instructions offered by the company or setting where the writing will be used. It is advised to adhere to the established rules consistently throughout the document or text because consistency is important.
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When a tax dispute is resolved, interest is paid by or to the
government. How are IRS interest amounts determined? To which tax
amounts do they apply?
When a tax dispute is resolved, interest is paid by or to the government. The interest amount paid to or by the government is determined by the IRS based on the underpayment rate and the overpayment rate. It applies to the tax amounts that were underpaid or overpaid by the taxpayer.
The underpayment rate is the interest rate charged by the IRS when taxpayers underpay their taxes. It is calculated by adding the federal short-term rate, which is the market interest rate, plus 3%. The rate is computed quarterly and is adjusted in response to changes in market rates.
The overpayment rate is the interest rate paid by the IRS on any refunds issued to taxpayers. It is calculated by adding the federal short-term rate, which is the market interest rate, plus 2%. The rate is computed quarterly and is adjusted in response to changes in market rates.
The IRS interest amounts are determined based on the underpayment rate or the overpayment rate, depending on whether the taxpayer underpaid or overpaid their taxes. These rates apply to the tax amounts that were underpaid or overpaid by the taxpayer.
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a. Suppose a micro-winery sells 800 bottles of wine for $100 per
bottle. With a price elasticity of -3 what would be the demand when
the price is increased to $110? From your evaluation which price
ge
The demand when the price is increased to $110 can be calculated using the price elasticity of -3.
The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. In this case, a price elasticity of -3 suggests that for a 1% increase in price, the quantity demanded will decrease by 3%.
To determine the new demand when the price is increased to $110, we can use the price elasticity formula:
% change in quantity demanded = price elasticity * % change in price.
Given that the initial price is $100 and the new price is $110, the % change in price is (110-100)/100 = 10%.
Using the price elasticity of -3, we can calculate the % change in quantity demanded as -3 * 10% = -30%.
Therefore, the new demand would be 800 - 30% of 800, which is 560 bottles of wine.
Based on this evaluation, the price increase from $100 to $110 would result in a decrease in demand from 800 bottles to 560 bottles.
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how do differing tastes play a role in creating, or
expanding markets?
Differing tastes play a role in creating or expanding markets by providing opportunities for businesses to cater to diverse consumer preferences and offer a wider range of products or services.
Consumer tastes and preferences vary among individuals due to factors such as cultural background, personal preferences, lifestyle choices, and demographics. These differences create market segments with specific needs and desires. By recognizing and understanding these varying tastes, businesses can develop and offer products or services that cater to specific segments, thereby expanding their market reach.
For example, the food industry caters to various dietary preferences such as vegan, gluten-free, or organic, which have grown in popularity due to differing tastes and health concerns. Similarly, the fashion industry offers a wide range of styles and designs to appeal to diverse fashion preferences. By embracing and accommodating differing tastes, businesses can tap into new customer segments, increase customer satisfaction, and ultimately expand their markets. This can lead to greater market share, increased sales, and business growth.
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XYZ Ltd acquires 100 per cent of Red-X Ltd on 1 July 2021. XYZ Ltd pays the shareholders of Red-X Ltd the following consideration:
Cash
79 100
Plant and equipment
fair value $282 500; carrying amount in the books of ABC Ltd $192 100
Land
fair value $339 000; carrying amount in the books of ABC Ltd $226 000
There are also legal fees of $214 700 involved in acquiring Red-X Ltd.
On 1 July 2021, Red-X Ltd’s statement of financial position shows total assets of $339 000 and liabilities of $339 000. The fair value of the assets is $904 000.
Required:
Has any goodwill been acquired, and, if so, how much? And discuss the potential for including associated legal fees into the cost of acquiring Red-X using appropriate accounting standards.
The total cost of acquiring Red-X Ltd, including the associated legal fees, would be $915,300 ($700,600 + $214,700).
Yes, goodwill has been acquired in the acquisition of Red-X Ltd. The amount of goodwill can be calculated as follows:
Fair value of consideration paid:
Cash: $79,100
Plant and equipment: $282,500
Land: $339,000
Total consideration: $700,600
Fair value of Red-X Ltd's net assets:
Total assets: $339,000
Total liabilities: $339,000
Net assets: $0
Goodwill = Consideration paid - Net assets acquired
Goodwill = $700,600 - $0
Goodwill = $700,600
Therefore, goodwill acquired in the acquisition of Red-X Ltd is $700,600.
Regarding the potential for including associated legal fees into the cost of acquiring Red-X Ltd, the appropriate accounting standard to consider is the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). According to IFRS, legal fees directly attributable to the acquisition can be included in the cost of acquiring the business.
In this case, the legal fees of $214,700 are directly related to the acquisition of Red-X Ltd and can be capitalized as part of the cost of acquiring the business. This means that the legal fees would be added to the total consideration paid ($700,600) to calculate the total cost of acquiring Red-X Ltd.
Therefore, the total cost of acquiring Red-X Ltd, including the associated legal fees, would be $915,300 ($700,600 + $214,700).
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in response to the trump administration's tariffs on chinese imports, only one percent of the surveyed u.s. firms operating in southern china said they had any plans to establish manufacturing bases in north america. assuming that managers at these companies used all available information, including the tariffs on chinese imports, when making the decision of whether or not to move production out of china and back to the united states exemplifies which key economic idea?
In response to the Trump administration's tariffs on Chinese imports, only one percent of the surveyed U.S. firms operating in southern China said they had any plans to establish manufacturing bases in North America.
This exemplifies the principle of opportunity cost. An opportunity cost refers to the value of the next-best alternative foregone when making a decision.Explanation:When a firm is considering establishing a manufacturing base in the United States, the opportunity cost is the value of the alternative investment. Managers evaluate the costs and benefits of producing in the United States or any other country before making a decision.
Managers must consider the opportunity cost when deciding whether to establish a manufacturing base in the United States, even if they are aware of the tariffs on Chinese imports. The decision to produce in China or the United States is based on a comparison of the opportunity cost of each location. The managers of the firms in the surveyed U.S.
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Moving to another question will save this response $26.800 $14,310 $16.200 $25,440 & Moving to another question will save this response. P Question & Dynondo incorporated planned to use materials of 59 per unit but actually used materials of $16 per unit, and planned to make 1590 units but actually made 1800 units. The flexible-budget amount for materials is
The flexible-budget amount for materials is $16,200 for 1800 units and each unit costs $9. Thus, option C is correct.
Actual units produced = 1800 units
Planned cost per unit of materials = $9 per unit
To estimate the flexible-budget amount for materials, we need to multiply the actual number of units produced by the planned cost per unit of materials from the flexible budget.
The flexible-budget amount for materials = Actual units produced x Planned cost per unit
Flexible-budget amount for materials = 1800 units x $9 per unit
Flexible-budget amount for materials = $16,200
Therefore, we can conclude that the flexible-budget amount for materials is $16,200.
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The complete question is:
Dynondo incorporated planned to use materials of 59 per unit but actually used materials of $16 per unit, and planned to make 1590 units but actually made 1800 units. The flexible-budget amount for materials is________
a. $26.800
b. $14,310
c. $16.200
d. $25,440
Amy Lloyd is interested in leasing a new car and has contacted three automobile dealers for pricing information. Each dealer offered Amy a closed-end 36 month lease with no down payment due at the time of signing. Each lease includes a monthly charge and a mileage allowance. Additional miles receive a surcharge on a per-mile basis. The monthly lease cost, the mileage allowance, and the cost for additional miles follow: Dealer Monthly Cost Mileage Cost per Allowance Additional Mile $289 35,000 $0.15 Dealer Dealer B Dealer $300 45.000 $0.20 5315 54,000 $0.15 Amy decided to choose the lease option that will minimize her total 36- month cost. The difficulty is that Amy is not sure how many miles she will drive over the next three years. For purposes of this decision she believes it is reasonable to assume that she will drive 12,000 miles per year, 15,000 miles per year, or 18,000 miles per year. With this assumption Amy estimated her total costs for the three lease options. For example, she figures that the Dealer Alease will cost her 36($289) + $0.15(36,000 - 36,000) - $10,404 if she drives 12,000 miles per year 36(5289) - $0.15[45,000 - 36,000) - $11.754 if she drives 15,000 miles per year, or 36($289) + $0.15(54,000 - 36,000) - $13,104 if she drives 18,000 miles per year. (a) What is the decision, and what is the chance event? The decision is to choose the best lose option alternatives. The chance event is the number of mes driven There are possible outcomes (b) Construct a payoff table. Enter your answers in $). Annual Miles Driven Dealer 12,000 15,000 Dealer A $10,404 $11,754 18,000 $13,104 Dealer B 10800 10000 12600 Dealerc $ 11340 11340 11340 (c) IF Amy has no idea which of the three mileage assumptions is most appropriate, what is the recommended decision (leasing option) using the optimistic, conservative, and minimax regret approaches? The recommended decision using the optimistic approach is Dealer The recommended decision using the conservative approach is Dealer Aura |x The recommended decision using the minimax regret approach is Dear G (d) Suppose that the probabilities that Amy drives 12,000, 15,000, and 18,000 miles per year are 0.5, 0.4 and 0.1, respectively. What option should Amy choose using the expected value approach? EVIDealer A) - 11214 EV(Dealer B) - $ 10980 EVIDealer C) - $ 11340 The best decision is Dealer B (e) Develop a risk profile for the decision selected in part (d). What is the most likely cost, and what is its probability? Based on the risk profile, the most likely cost is s at a probability of (6) Suppose that after further consideration Army concludes that the probabilities that she will drive 12,000, 15,000, and 18,000 miles per year are 0.3, 0.4, and 0.3, respectively. What decision should Amy make using the expected value approach? EV Dealer A) - 5 EV(Dealer B) - 5 EVIDealer C) = $ The best decision is S
a) The decision is to choose the lease option that will minimize Amy's total 36-month cost. The chance event is the number of miles driven. c) Using the minimax regret approach, Amy would choose Dealer C, as it has the lowest regret for any given outcome. f) The best decision is to choose Dealer A as it has the highest expected value.
Answers to the questions(a) The decision is to choose the lease option that will minimize Amy's total 36-month cost. The chance event is the number of miles driven.
(b) Payoff table:
Annual Miles Driven Dealer A Dealer B Dealer C
12,000 $10,404 $10,800 $11,340
15,000 $11,754 $10,000 $11,340
18,000 $13,104 $12,600 $11,340
(c) Using the optimistic approach, Amy would choose Dealer A, as it has the highest payoff under the most favorable mileage assumption.
Using the conservative approach, Amy would choose Dealer B, as it has the highest payoff under the least favorable mileage assumption.
Using the minimax regret approach, Amy would choose Dealer C, as it has the lowest regret for any given outcome.
(d) Suppose the probabilities of driving 12,000, 15,000, and 18,000 miles per year are 0.5, 0.4, and 0.1, respectively.
Using the expected value approach:
Expected value of Dealer A = (0.5 * $10,404) + (0.4 * $11,754) + (0.1 * $13,104) = $11,214
Expected value of Dealer B = (0.5 * $10,800) + (0.4 * $10,000) + (0.1 * $12,600) = $10,980
Expected value of Dealer C = (0.5 * $11,340) + (0.4 * $11,340) + (0.1 * $11,340) = $11,340
The best decision is to choose Dealer A as it has the highest expected value.
(e) Based on the risk profile, the most likely cost is $11,214 with a probability of 0.5.
(f) Suppose the probabilities of driving 12,000, 15,000, and 18,000 miles per year are 0.3, 0.4, and 0.3, respectively.
Using the expected value approach:
Expected value of Dealer A = (0.3 * $10,404) + (0.4 * $11,754) + (0.3 * $13,104) = $11,394
Expected value of Dealer B = (0.3 * $10,800) + (0.4 * $10,000) + (0.3 * $12,600) = $10,740
Expected value of Dealer C = (0.3 * $11,340) + (0.4 * $11,340) + (0.3 * $11,340) = $11,340
The best decision is to choose Dealer A as it has the highest expected value.
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Why has product differentiation become so important in sales
and marketing?
According to the buyer resolution theory, a purchase is made
only after the prospect has made five buying decisions. What ar
Product differentiation has become so important in sales and marketing because it helps businesses to distinguish their products from those of their competitors, thereby enabling them to gain a competitive advantage and increase their sales.
Product differentiation is the process of adding unique features or attributes to a product or service in order to make it stand out from others on the market and meet the specific needs of customers. By differentiating their products, businesses are able to create a perceived value in the minds of their customers, and this helps them to command a premium price. According to the buyer resolution theory, a purchase is made only after the prospect has made five buying decisions. The five buying decisions are:
Need Recognition: The buyer recognizes a problem or need that can be solved by a product or service.Information Search: The buyer gathers information about the available products or services that can satisfy their needs. Evaluation of Alternatives: The buyer compares the various options available and evaluates their suitability. Purchase Decision: The buyer makes a decision to purchase a product or service.Post-purchase Evaluation: The buyer evaluates the product or service after purchase to determine whether it meets their expectations.Therefore, businesses need to differentiate their products and services in order to influence these buying decisions and win customers over.
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ten years ago, you put $150,000 into an interest-earning account. today it is worth $275,000. what is the effective annual interest earned on the account? group of answer choices
To calculate the effective annual interest earned on the account, we need to consider the initial investment and the final value after ten years. The initial investment was $150,000, and the current value is $275,000. The difference between the final value and the initial investment is $275,000 - $150,000 = $125,000.
To determine the effective annual interest, we need to divide the difference by the initial investment and then express it as a percentage. So, the effective annual interest earned can be calculated as ($125,000 / $150,000) * 100% = 83.33%. Therefore, the effective annual interest earned on the account over the ten-year period is 83.33%. This represents the average annual growth rate of the investment, taking into account compounding and the increase in value from the initial investment to the final value.
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A A Aa A E E AL Normal Number List LL No Spacing A A 、出 Paragraph Fy Styles the Office Mobile App Get started 1112131415161718-19-1 10 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 15 Question 5 [There are 100 workers in Pakistan, and each worker can produce either 10 shirts or 2 hats. There are 200 workers in the Bangladesh, and each can produce 4 shirts or 10 hats.] a. [Draw the Production Possibility Curves (PPC) for each country. What is the opportunity cost of shirts in Pakistan? What is the opportunity cost of shirts in Bangladesh? Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of shirts? (5 marks).] b. [In the absence of trade, if Pakistan consumes 600 shirts, how many hats can it consume? In the absence of trade, if Bangladesh consumes 500 hats, how many shirts can it consume? (2 marks)] c. [Someone now proposes that Bangladesh and Pakistan enter into a trade agreement. Under this agreement, the Bangladesh will give Pakistan 500 hats and Pakistan will give Bangladesh 200 shirts. If Pakistan continues to consume 600 shirts, how many hats will it be able to consume under this proposal? If Bangladesh continues to consume 500 hats, how many shirts will it be able to consume under this proposal? Should Pakistan accept this proposal? Should Bangladesh accept this proposal? (3 marks)] Answer 三 Heading 1 Headi
Production Possibility Curves (PPC) for each country:In Pakistan, a worker can produce 10 shirts or 2 hats. So, if all the workers are producing shirts, they can produce 1000 shirts (10 shirts per worker × 100 workers).
On the other hand, if all the workers are producing hats, they can produce 200 hats (2 hats per worker × 100 workers).The opportunity cost of shirts in Pakistan: It is the number of hats that have to be sacrificed in order to produce an extra shirt. In Pakistan, the opportunity cost of a shirt is 2. It means that for every additional shirt produced, 2 fewer hats will be produced. Opportunity cost of shirts in Bangladesh: In Bangladesh, a worker can produce 4 shirts or 10 hats.
So, if all the workers are producing shirts, they can produce 800 shirts (4 shirts per worker × 200 workers). And if all the workers are producing hats, they can produce 2000 hats (10 hats per worker × 200 workers).The opportunity cost of a shirt in Bangladesh is 2.5 (2000/800). It means that for every additional shirt produced, 2.5 fewer hats will be produced. So, Bangladesh has a comparative advantage in the production of shirts.b. In the absence of trade:Pakistan can produce either 10 shirts or 2 hats per worker.
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b) The company ALTA Ltd issued a bank accepted bill to fund its working capital requirement. The bill is issued for 60 days, with a face value of $150,000 and a yield of 2.5% per annum to the original discounter. After 25 days, the bank bill is sold by the original discounter into the secondary market for $138,222. The purchaser holds the bill to maturity. What is the yield received by the holder of the bill at the date of maturity? c) The Atony Ltd. company raised $1.5m through a 10-year bond issue on the 31st of December 2020. The bond pays 3.4% per annum in coupons, with coupons paid quarterly. Calculate the price of the bond on the 12th of August 2025, given a market yield of 4.5% per annum. In your answer, identify whether the bond is trading at a discount or a premium, and explain the logic as to why this is the case. Note: You can write down the calculations by hand and attach a photo of your answer in the answer sheet.
b) the yield received by the holder of the bill at the date of maturity is approximately 10.15%.
c) Since the calculated price of the bond is less than the face value of $1.5 million, the bond is trading at a discount.
b) To calculate the yield received by the holder of the bill at the date of maturity, we need to use the formula for yield to maturity. The formula is:
Yield to Maturity = (Face Value - Purchase Price) / Purchase Price * (365 / Days to Maturity)
In this case:
Face Value = $150,000
Purchase Price = $138,222
Days to Maturity = 60 - 25 = 35
these values in the formula, we can calculate the yield to maturity:Yield to Maturity = ($150,000 - $138,222) / $138,222 * (365 / 35)
Yield to Maturity ≈ 0.1015 or 10.15%
Therefore, the yield received by the holder of the bill at the date of maturity is approximately 10.15%.
c) To calculate the price of the bond on the 12th of August 2025, given a market yield of 4.5% per annum, we can use the present value of a bond formula. The formula is:
Bond Price = (Coupon Payment / Market Yield) * (1 - (1 / (1 + Market Yield)^n)) + (Face Value / (1 + Market Yield)^n)
In this case:
Coupon Payment = ($1.5m * 3.4%) / 4 (since coupons are paid quarterly)
Market Yield = 4.5%
n = 10 years * 4 (since coupons are paid quarterly)
Using these values in the formula, we can calculate the price of the bond:
Bond Price = (($1.5m * 0.034) / 4) * (1 - (1 / (1 + 0.045)^(104))) + ($1.5m / (1 + 0.045)^(104))
Bond Price ≈ $1,361,012.85
Since the calculated price of the bond is less than the face value of $1.5 million, the bond is trading at a discount. This is because the market yield of 4.5% is higher than the coupon rate of 3.4%.
When the market yield is higher than the coupon rate, the bond's price tends to decrease, resulting in a discount. Investors require a higher yield to compensate for the lower coupon payments compared to the market rate.
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At year end the perpetual records of Greta Co. showed a balance of $98,000 in the Merchandise Inventory account. The company did a year end inventory count and the actual inventory on hand was, $96,500. Please show the adjusting journal entry required. Account Name Debit Credit 2) Greta runs a perpetual system for inventory costs. At year end, it is estimated that 3% of total Sales, $535,000, will be the amount of Sales that will be returned during the next year. This will bring back an estimated $9,550 of Inventory. Please show the appropriate 2 Adjusting Entries needed. Account Name Debit Credit 2 a) b) c) Which of these Adjusting Entries would be done if Greta Co. was instead running a periodic intentory system? d) Where in the Financial Statements would the other Adjusting Entry amount be shown? Ex 6 When using a perpetual inventory system, how many closing entries does a merchandising company have, and describe these.
1. Adjusting Entry for Merchandise Inventory: Debit Merchandise Inventory by $1,500 and credit Cost of Goods Sold by $1,500.
2.Adjusting entries for estimated sales returns involve debiting Estimated Sales Returns and Allowances and crediting Allowance for Sales Returns and Allowances, and debiting Allowance for Sales Returns and Allowances and crediting Merchandise Inventory.
How to adjust entries for estimated sales returns?1) Adjusting Journal Entry for Merchandise Inventory:
Account Name Debit Credit
Merchandise Inventory $1,500
Cost of Goods Sold $1,500
2) Adjusting Entries for Estimated Sales Returns:
a) Estimated Sales Returns and Allowances $16,050
Allowance for Sales Returns and Allowances $16,050
b) Allowance for Sales Returns and Allowances $9,550
Merchandise Inventory $9,550
c) No adjusting entry is required for a periodic inventory system.
d) The amount of the adjusting entry for estimated sales returns and allowances would be shown as a contra account (reduction) to Accounts Receivable on the balance sheet.
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Star Health, Inc. is a fitness center in Oklahoma City. In October, the company earned $550,000 in revenues and incurred the following operating costs from 300 customers Manager's Salary Gym Rent Depreciation Expen Office Supplies Expense Utilities Expense Trainer's Salary $5,000 1,700 8,000 2,400 1,600 23,000 se-Equipment How much is the unit cost per customer? (Round your answer to the nearest cent.) OA. OB. OC. $93.33 $139.00 $19.00 $1,833.33 D.
To calculate the unit cost per customer, we need to divide the total operating costs by the number of customers.
Total operating costs = Manager's Salary + Gym Rent + Depreciation Expense + Office Supplies Expense + Utilities Expense + Trainer's Salary + Lease Equipment Expense = $5,000 + $1,700 + $8,000 + $2,400 + $1,600 + $23,000 +$13,000 = $54,700
Number of customers = 300
Unit cost per customer = Total operating costs / Number of customers
= $54,700 / 300
≈ $182.33
Rounding to the nearest cent, the unit cost per customer is $182.33.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option A: $182.33.
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Cullumber Company at December 31 has cash $20,600, noncash assets $108,000, liabilities $57,400, and the following capital balances: Floyd $43,400 and DeWitt $27,800. The firm is liquidated, and $119,000 in cash is received for the noncash assets. Floyd and DeWitt income ratios are 70% and 30%, respectively. Cullumber Company decides to liquidate the partnership. Prepare the entries to record: (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.) a. The sale of noncash assets, b. The allocation of the gain or loss on realization to the partners. c. Payment of creditors. d. Distribution of cash to the partners.
The entries to record the sale of non-cash assets, the allocation of gain or loss on realization to the partners, payment of creditors, and distribution of cash to partners are presented bwlow.
a. Sale of non-cash assets: Assets Cash Non-cash Assets Total Debit Credit 119,000108,000227,000-227,000b.
Allocation of gain or loss on realization to the partners:
Partner’s Capital Account Floyd DeWitt Debit Credit Credit
Gain on realization 43,400 27,800 17,889.70 7,657.03
Loss on realization 43,400 27,800 22,110.30 9,473.97
c. Payment of Creditors:
Account Titles Debit Credit Non-cash assets 108,000
Liabilities 57,400
Gain on realization (Floyd 70%) 17,889.70
Gain on realization (DeWitt 30%) 7,657.03 83,946.73 83,946.73d.
Distribution of cash to the partners:
Account Titles Debit Credit Cash 119,000
Floyd Capital 61,289.40
DeWitt Capital 26,169.87
Gain on realization 17,889.70
Gain on realization 7,657.03 119,006.00
The entries to record the sale of non-cash assets, the allocation of gain or loss on realization to the partners, payment of creditors, and distribution of cash to partners are presented above.
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Bryce's best friend had his identity stolen six months ago, and he is still having problems with his credit. Bryce wants to avoid having the same thing happen to him. Which of the following should he do to help prevent having his identity stolen? a. He should shred all bank and credit card statements before throwing them in the trash. b. He should respond to emails asking for banking information immediately. c. He should have his Social Security number printed on his checks. d. He should carry all of his credit cards and identification with him at all times.
Correct option is A. Bryce wants to avoid having the same thing happen to him, i.e., his identity being stolen. He can take several steps to prevent this from happening. Among the given options, Bryce should shred all bank and credit card statements before throwing them in the trash to help prevent having his identity stolen.
The act of shredding documents before throwing them away is a key step in identity theft protection. This is because thieves who go through trash cans and dumpsters are known to search for discarded bank statements, credit card receipts, and other types of financial records that contain sensitive personal information about individuals. These can be used to create fake identities and commit fraudulent activities that can cause financial damage to an individual.
Therefore, it's critical to shred such documents to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. The other options - responding to emails asking for banking information immediately, having the Social Security number printed on his checks, and carrying all credit cards and identification with him at all times - can actually lead to identity theft and should be avoided.
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needham Pharmaceuticals has a profit margin of 4% an equity
multiplier of 2.4. its sales are 90 million and has total assets of
50 million. what is the return on equity? Do not round intermediate
calc
Needham Pharmaceuticals has a profit margin of 4% and an equity multiplier of 2.4. With sales amounting to $90 million and total assets of $50 million the net income will be $3.6 million and the equity is $20.83 million. Therefore, the ROE is approximately 0.1729 or 17.29%.
To calculate the return on equity (ROE) for Needham Pharmaceuticals, we need to use the given information: profit margin and equity multiplier.
Profit margin = Net Income / Sales
Given profit margin = 4% and sales = $90 million, we can calculate the net income:
Net Income = Profit margin × Sales
Net Income = 0.04 × $90 million
Net Income = $3.6 million
Next, we need to calculate the equity:
Equity = Total Assets / Equity Multiplier
Given total assets = $50 million and equity multiplier = 2.4, we can calculate the equity:
Equity = $50 million / 2.4
Equity = $20.83 million
Finally, we can calculate the return on equity (ROE) using the formula:
ROE = Net Income / Equity
ROE = $3.6 million / $20.83 million
ROE = 0.1729
The return on equity (ROE) for Needham Pharmaceuticals is approximately 0.1729, or 17.29% (rounded to two decimal places).
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Question 6 Consider the following neighbourhood composed of 4 families - Acharya, Belloc, Chen, and Davies as shown in Figure 2. Each family has income as indicated by the number in the corresponding circle (40, 15, 5, and 20) for the first letter of their last name (A, B, C, and D). D AAD yº = 20 A = 40 CD C BD LO A 4AC VA 4AB 5 B y 15 BC A Figure 3: Households A, B, C, and D and their incomes in a neighbourhood What is the Gini coefficient for this neighbourhood? Define the Gini coefficient, explain how to find it, and show your work in finding the Gini coefficient for this neighbourhood. Question 7 [10 marks] Consider the Acharya and Chen families from Question 6 above about the Gini coefficient. Assume that the numbers in the bubbles for each family correspond to an index of the family's wealth (a higher integer corresponding to greater wealth). Explain, with reference to risk preferences and the appropriate graphs, why it is the case that the Chen family would be more likely to depend on wage work and the Acharya family may choose to engage in production of goods and services with their own project (working as an owner-operator); that is, not choosing to work for wages. [10 marks]
The Gini coefficient is a measure of income inequality. It is calculated by measuring the area between the Lorenz curve and the 45-degree line.
How to explain the informationThe Gini coefficient is calculated by dividing the area between the Lorenz curve and the 45-degree line by the total area under the 45-degree line. In this case, the area between the Lorenz curve and the 45-degree line is 0.36. The total area under the 45-degree line is 0.5. Therefore, the Gini coefficient for this neighbourhood is 0.72.
A higher Gini coefficient indicates greater income inequality. A Gini coefficient of 0 indicates perfect equality, while a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates perfect inequality.
The Chen family is more likely to depend on wage work because they have lower wealth. Wage work is a relatively stable source of income, which is important for families with low wealth. The Acharya family, on the other hand, has higher wealth. They may choose to engage in production of goods and services with their own project because this gives them more control over their income and allows them to potentially earn more money.
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John is looking to sell his car and Mary is looking to buy it. John values the car at $2000 and Mary values it at $3000. John places an add in the newspaper and Mary must either accept the offer or ignore it. Which of the following prices would be the best price for John to advertise the car for? a. $2000 b. $2500 c. $3500 d. $2999 e. John is indifferent between any of these prices.
The best price for John to advertise the car for would be $2999. Option D is answer.
In this scenario, John wants to maximize his selling price for the car, while Mary wants to minimize her buying price. John values the car at $2000, while Mary values it at $3000. The price John advertises will determine whether Mary decides to accept or ignore the offer.
If John advertises the car for $2000 (option a), Mary will definitely accept the offer since it matches her valuation. However, John would be selling the car below its actual value, resulting in a lower profit.
If John advertises the car for $3500 (option c), Mary would ignore the offer as it exceeds her valuation. John will not be able to sell the car in this case.
Between the remaining options (b, d, and e), the best price for John to advertise the car is $2999 (option d). At this price, John is offering the car slightly below Mary's valuation, creating an attractive deal for her. This increases the likelihood of Mary accepting the offer and allows John to maximize his selling price.
Option D is answer.
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If two firms in a duopoly play their dominant strategies, consumers may end up paying than they would have if the firms had
O the same prices; cooperated
O none of these answers is correct
O lower prices; competed with each other
O higher prices; cooperated
O lower prices; cooperated
If two firms in a duopoly play their dominant strategies, the outcome for consumers may result in higher prices compared to what they would have paid if the firms had competed with each other. So, the fourth option is correct.
When both firms independently choose their dominant strategies, which often involve setting higher prices or limiting output, it can lead to a lack of price competition in the market.
By playing their dominant strategies, the firms prioritize their own profits rather than engaging in price competition to attract customers.
This behavior reduces consumer welfare by limiting choices and keeping prices artificially high. It can lead to a scenario where consumers end up paying more than they would have if the firms had competed with each other.
The option "higher prices; cooperated" reflects this outcome accurately. When firms cooperate by playing their dominant strategies, it often results in higher prices and reduced consumer surplus.
This situation is known as collusion, where firms agree to limit competition and keep prices elevated to maximize their profits.
In contrast, if the firms had competed with each other, it would likely lead to lower prices as they engage in price wars to attract customers. However, when firms have dominant strategies and choose to cooperate instead of competing, it can result in higher prices, negatively impacting consumer welfare.
So, the fourth option is correct.
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FILL IN THE BLANK both ________ and ________ increase as the safety inventory is increased
Both inventory holding costs and the level of service increase as the safety inventory is increased.
When safety inventory is increased, it leads to higher inventory holding costs. Holding costs include expenses such as storage, insurance, and obsolescence. As more inventory is held as a safety buffer, these costs accumulate. Additionally, the level of service also increases as safety inventory is augmented. Safety inventory acts as a buffer against demand variability and supply disruptions, allowing for a higher level of product availability and customer satisfaction. By having more safety inventory, companies can meet unexpected demand fluctuations and minimize stockouts, thus improving their service levels to customers.
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Determine whether each of the following would fulfill the three functions of money. If the item does not fulfill all three, name at least one function of money that it violates.
Instructions: You may select more than one answer. Click the box with a check mark for correct answers, and click to empty the box for the wrong answers.
1. Salt
a. Salt could be a good store of value because salt keeps for a long time.
b. Salt fulfills the medium of exchange function if people are willing to accept it in exchange for goods and services.
c. Salt could be a good unit of account as long as people can agree on the prices in terms of salt.
d. Salt could be a medium of exchange because it is useful.
e. Salt could be a unit of account because it can be easily measured.
Based on the provided statements, let's evaluate whether salt fulfills the three functions of money:
Store of value:
a. Salt could be a good store of value because salt keeps for a long time. (Correct)
Medium of exchange:
b. Salt fulfills the medium of exchange function if people are willing to accept it in exchange for goods and services. (Correct)
d. Salt could be a medium of exchange because it is useful. (Correct)
Unit of account:
c. Salt could be a good unit of account as long as people can agree on the prices in terms of salt. (Correct)
e. Salt could be a unit of account because it can be easily measured. (Incorrect)
Although salt may be easily measured, it is not commonly used as a unit of account in modern economies. Therefore, salt violates the unit of account function of money.
In summary, salt fulfills the functions of money as a store of value and a medium of exchange, but it does not fulfill the unit of account function.
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