What happens when pyruvate is converted to lactate?
Answer:
Conversion of pyruvate to lactate during redox reaction oxidizes NADH to NAD+
Explanation:
Pyruvate is converted to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase under anaerobic condition.
Conversion of pyruvate to lactate during redox reaction oxidizes NADH to NAD+ . This is because every glucose molecule that will be converted into pyruvate, two NADH molecules are produced and there is need for the NADH molecules to be oxidised back to NAD+ to ensure the continuity and maintenance of glycolysis.
What would be the best control group for global warming
Answer:
1. Sierra Club
In its early days, The Sierra Club, founded in 1892 by conservationist, naturalist and explorer John Muir, was mostly made up of scientists interested in exploring the Sierra mountains. For years, the organization promoted the appreciation and stewardship of the outdoors but steered clear of civil disobedience. A change came last year when, in the face of increasingly dire warnings from climate scientists, the group’s executive director, Michael Brune, and then-president, Allison Chin, were arrested — with about 50 others, including McKibben — outside the White House protesting the Keystone XL pipeline.
This particular project — the Keystone XL pipeline
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2. Greenpeace
Kumi Naidoo, the executive director of Greenpeace International, talks with Bill in September about 30 Greenpeace activists detained in Russia.
Founded in 1971, Greenpeace’s initial advocacy work focused on its opposition to nuclear testing. In 1985, the French Secret Service famously bombed a Greenpeace ship moored in Auckland, New Zealand, on its way to protest French nuclear testing in Moruroa Atoll. Since then, the organization’s priority has shifted from nuclear proliferation to confronting climate change. But their strategy of direct action with an international focus has essentially remained the same.
In September of last year, 30 people who were aboard the Greenpeace ship the Arctic Sunrise drew international attention when they were detained by authorities after a demonstration at a Russian drilling rig in the Arctic. The activists sought to highlight the exploitation of the fragile Arctic environment for fossil fuel extraction. Some of the activists were at first charged with piracy, though the Russian government later reduced the charges to “hooliganism” and released all involved, then dropped the charges entirely ahead of the Sochi Olympics. Two years earlier, two activists — including Greenpeace International Executive Director Kumi Naidoo — boarded a drilling rig off the coast of Greenland and were blasted for hours by fire hoses as the crew attempted to repel them, pushing them into the choppy sea.
3. dle No More
Idle No More, a group of mostly Canadian Native North Americans, sprang into existence in October 2012, when Canada’s conservative prime minister Stephen Harper pushed a law, known as C-45, through parliament that rolled back both environmental protections and indigenous peoples’ sovereignty in order to make the country’s tar sands, and the crude oil that could be extracted from them, more easily exploitable. Resource extraction projects, like the tar sands, often hurt North America’s indigenous populations disproportionately.
In protest of C-45, the group organized rallies in major cities across Canada. A leader of Idle No More, Attawapiskat Chief Theresa Spence, started what would become a six-week-long hunger strike and groups of protesters blockaded rail lines and highways.
Last year, McKibben wrote about the group in the Huffington Post, “I sense that [Idle No More] is every bit as important as the Occupy movement that transfixed the world a year ago; it feels like it wells up from the same kind of long-postponed and deeply-felt passion that powered the Arab spring. And I know firsthand that many of its organizers are among the most committed and skilled activists I’ve ever come across. In fact, if Occupy’s weakness was that it lacked roots (it had to take over public places, after all, which proved hard to hold on to), this new movement’s great strength is that its roots go back farther than history.”
Explanation:
4. Union of Concerned Scientists
The Union of Concerned Scientists was founded during the height of the Vietnam war during a teach-in at MIT to protest the US government’s militarization of science. Initially, the group was concerned with nuclear proliferation and energy issues, but over time has shifted its focus to sustainability. Today, the majority of the UCS’s areas of advocacy focus on climate change.
The group is responsible for groundbreaking research on sustainability standards for vehicles and the disastrous affects of climate change. “Traditionally there have been two types of science: basic and applied. UCS has added a third category to the canon: engaged science,” the group’s website says. “Since its beginning, UCS has followed the example set by scientists: We share information, seek the truth, and let our findings guide our conclusions.”
Along with other groups such as the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication, the Union of Concerned Scientists has been integral in refuting those who claim climate change is a hoax. The UCS also produces reports on how the fossil fuel industry and other private interests profit from inaction on climate change.
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what effect does exersise have on the nervous system
Answer:
When you exercise it causes your muscles and your pearl your pures in your skin to produce sweat and cause pain to your nervous system telling you that is exhausting
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It increases heart rate, which pumps more oxygen to the brain. It aids the release of hormones which provide an excellent environment for the growth of brain cells. Exercise also promotes brain plasticity by stimulating growth of new connections between cells in many important cortical areas of the brain.
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Comparing plant and animal cells.what are the errors in the table? Check all that apply
Answer:
There is no table but one difference is plant cells have a cell wall and a vacuole for holding waste animal cells dont have that
What are five words that can be used to name proteins,lipids,carbohydrates and nucleus acids collectively
Answer:
macro molecules
Explanation:
Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all macromolecules.
Answer:
Macromolecules
Explanation:
Can anyone help me with question 1 and 2 ?
Answer:
A is the substrate and B is the protein
Explanation:
Substrate: thing that is the initial part of a protein reaction
B is the thing that MODIFIES the substrate, the protein.
Josh the postmen has eleven red rubber bands. He gives Sunita three bands. Sunita now has twice the number of bands Josh has left. How many bands did Sunita have at the beginning?
Answer:
13
Explanation:
We know that Josh starts with 11 rubber bands and gives away 3. This means that he now has 8 left (11-3=8). Sunita now has the extra 3 which means she now has twice the amount Josh has left. Since we know Josh has 8 left, we can work out that Sunita now has 16 (8x2=16). However this is not how many she had at the beginning as she recieved 3 from Josh. Therefore we can subtract 3 from her current number (16) to find here original number:
16-3= 13
Sunita had 13 rubber bands at the beginning.
Hope this helped!
difference between biological aspect and physical aspect
Answer:
A biological environment is a physical environment that has living things in it.
The only physical environments that I know of that are not biological environments are human-constructed sterile facilities, or planets/moons/asteroids/other celestial objects that can’t support life.
Alkaptonuria is an infrequent autosomal recessive condition. It is first noticed in newborns when the urine in their diapers turns black upon exposure to air. The condition is caused by the defective transport of the amino acid phenylalanine through the intestinal walls during digestion. About 4 people per 1000 are carriers of alkaptonuria. Sara and James had never heard of alkaptonuria and were shocked to discover that their first child had the condition. Sara's sister Mary and her husband Frank are planning to have a family and are concerned about the possibility of alkaptonuria in one of their children.
The four adults (Sara, James, Mary, and Frank) seek information from a neighbor who is a retired physician.After discussing their family histories, the neighbor says, " I never took genetics, but I know from my many years in practice that Sara and James are both carriers of this recessive condition. Since their first child had the condition, there is a very low chance that the next child will also have it, because the odds of having two children with a recessive condition are very low. Mary and Frank have no chance of having a child with alkaptonuria because Frank has no family history of the condition."The two couples each have babies and both babies have alkaptonuria.
Required:
a. What is the probability that the second child of Mary and Frank will have alkaptonuria?
b. What is the chance that the third child of Sara and James will be free of the condition?
c.The couples are worried that one of their grandchildren will inherit alkaptonuria.
d. What is the chance that a child with alkaptonuria will have an offspring with alkaptonuria if the child's mate has no family history?
e.The couples are worried that one of their grandchildren will inherit alkaptonuria.
f. What is the chance that a child with alkaptonuria will have an offspring with alkaptonuria if the child's mate has no family history?
Answer:
See the answer below
Explanation:
Let the disorder be represented by the allele a.
Since the disease is an autosomal recessive one, affected individuals will have the genotype aa and normal individuals will have the genotype Aa or AA.
Since the four adults are carriers, their genotypes would be Aa.
Aa x Aa
Progeny: AA 2Aa aa
Probability of being affected = 1/4
Probability of being a carrier = 1/2
Probability of not being affected = 3/4
(a) The chance that the child second child of Mary and Frank will have alkaptonuria = 1/2
(b) The chance that the third child of Sara and James will be free of the condition = 3/4
(c)
(d) If someone has no family history of the disorder, their genotype would be AA.
AA x aa
4 Aa
The chance that a child with alkaptonuria will have an offspring with alkaptonuria if the child's mate has no family history = 0
(e)
(f) The chance that a child with alkaptonuria will have an offspring with alkaptonuria if the child's mate has no family history = 0
Assuming a single diallelic gene that express complete dominance is coding for the condition, A) 1/4 = 25% / B) 3/4 = 75% / C) 100% or 50% depending on the mates genotype.
---------------------------
Available data:
Alkaptonuria is an infrequent autosomal recessive conditionSara and James have no Alkaptonuria, but had a child expresing the condition.Mary and Frank had a child expressing the condition.The two couples each have babies and both babies have alkaptonuriaWe will assume that the gene coding for this trait is diallelic, and that expresses complete dominance, following the Mendelian inheritance pattern. So, let us say that
Allele A is dominant over a and expresses normal phenotypeAllele a is the recessive one and expresses alkaptonuriaGenotype Phenotype
AA Normal
Aa Normal carrier
aa Alkaptonuria
Since Sara and James had an affected child, we can assume they are both heter0zyg0us for the trait. The child inherited one recessive allele from Sara and one recessive allele from James.
We know that Frank has no family history of the condition. However, the allele could be present in his family, hidden by dominant alleles in heter0zyg0us state.
And because Mary and Frank also had an affected child, we can also assume they are heter0zyg0us for the trait, providing each one recessive allele to the baby.
So both crosses would be the same, between two heter0zyg0us individuals.
So let us analyze the crosses and the probabilities of getting affected and healthy children.
Cross) Mother x Father
Parentals) Aa x Aa
Gametes) A a A a
Punnett square) A a
A AA Aa
a Aa aa
F1) Genotypes
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be h0m0zygous dominant, AA1/2 = 50% of the progey is expected to be heter0zyg0us, Aa1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be h0m0zyg0us recessive, aa.Phenotypes
3/4 = 75% of the progeny is expected to express normal phenotype (AA + Aa)1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to express alkaptonuria (aa)a. What is the probability that the second child of Mary and Frank will have alkaptonuria?
The probabilities of having an affected child is always 1/4 = 25%.
This means that every time they are having a baby, the chances for that child to express the condition is 25%.
The genotype is this child will be aa.
****
b. What is the chance that the third child of Sara and James will be free of the condition?
The probabilities of having a normal child is always 3/4 = 75%.
This means that every time they are having a baby, the chances for that child to express the normal phenotype is 75%.
This child could be either AA or Aa.
****
The couples are worried that one of their grandchildren will inherit alkaptonuria.
d. What is the chance that a child with alkaptonuria will have an offspring with alkaptonuria if the child's mate has no family history?
There are two options.
Option 1The genotype of the affected child is aa.
If this person's mate is h0m0zyg0us dominant, AA, the probabilities of having an affected child is 0%.
Cross: affected child x h0m0zyg0us dominant unaffected mate
Parentals) aa x AA
F2) 100% Aa ⇒ 100% healthy children and carriers
Option 2The genotype of the affected child is aa.
If this person's mate is heter0zyg0us Aa, the probabilities of having an affected child is 50%.
Cross: affected child x heter0zyg0us unaffected mate
Parentals) aa x Aa
F2) 50% Aa ⇒ healthy children and carryiers
50% aa ⇒ affected children
So, the chance that a child with alkaptonuria will have an offspring with alkaptonuria if the child's mate is normal, depends on the mates genotype,
h0m0zyg0us dominant ⇒ 100% normal childrenheter0zyg0us ⇒ 50% normal children and 50% affected children--------------------------------
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define excretion and list the ecretory product of mammals and indicate where each product is formed
Answer:
Excretion is a process by which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism. In vertebrates this is primarily carried out by the lungs, kidneys and skin. This is in contrast with secretion, where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the cell. Excretion is an essential process in all forms of life.
Explanation:
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Which statement is true? Lipids are a type of fat. Fats are a type of lipid. Fats and lipids are unrelated. All lipids are fats, and all fats are lipids.
Answer:
Lipids are a type of fat.Fats are just one type of lipid, a category of molecules united by their inability to mix well with water. Lipids tend to be hydrophobic, nonpolar, and made up mostly of hydrocarbon chains
Explanation:
Answer:
B
Explanation:
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Why do adult stem cells currently have fewer uses in therapeutic cloning than embryonic stem cells? A. Adult stem cells have more restrictions that prevent them from reentering the cell cycle at the G0 stage. B. Embryonic stem cells have longer telomeres and persist for much longer than adult stem cells. C. Adult stem cells may become any type of cell, whereas embryonic stem cells may only become adult stem cells first. D. Embryonic stem cells may become any type of cell, whereas adult stem cells may only become a limited number of cell types
Answer:
Embryonic stem cells may become any type of cell, whereas adult stem cells may only become a limited number of cell types.
(Answer D)
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How do dendrites help the function of nerve cells?
They help the neuron block messages from the dendrites of another neuron.
They help the neuron receive messages from the dendrites of another neuron.
They help the neuron block messages from the axon of another neuron.
They help the neuron receive messages from the axon of another neuron.
Explanation:Dendrites are the segments of the neuron that receive stimulation in order for the cell to become active. They conduct electrical messages to the neuron cell body for the cell to function
Dendrites play important role in conducting electrical messages to the neuron cell body for the cell to function. They help the neuron receive messages from the axon of another neuron. Thus option D is correct.
What is the function of dendrites ?Dendrites are parts of neurons found in the brain and spinal cord.
It comprises cytoskeletal structures, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and involved in signal transmission.
The major function is receiving electrical messages and transfer the received information to the soma of the neuron.
It collects and stores all information from axon terminals.
Dendrites also collect messages through other neurons towards the brain and the brain sends the instructions back to different parts of the body.
Thus option D is correct
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Is it a polymer or monomer
Answer:
matter
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What is a major function of growth hormone?
question 1. Carbohydrates consist of which of the following elements? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY)
A. Carbon
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Calcium\
question 2. Which of the following statements about carbohydrates are NOT true?
A. Your body uses carbohydrates to give you energy and keep everything going.
B. Carbohydrates can be referred to as simple or complex sugars.
C. Starch is an example of a simple carbohydrate.
D. Starch must be broken down through digestion before your body can use it as an energy source.
Question 3. Proteins are made up of smaller molecules called
A. starches.
B. amino acids.
C. monosaccharides
D. protein synthesis.
question 4. Choose all of the following statements that correctly explain what essential amino acids are:
A.It is essential that our diet provides these amino acids.
B.There are 20 essential amino acids.
C. Peanut butter on wheat bread is an example of a combination of foods that you can mix together to obtain the essential amino acids.
D. Can be considered as saturated or unsaturated.
Answer:
Carbohydrates consist of which of the following elements? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY)
Question 1 options:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Calcium
Question 2 (2 points)
Saved
Which of the following statements about carbohydrates are NOT true?
Question 2 options:
Your body uses carbohydrates to give you energy and keep everything going.
Carbohydrates can be referred to as simple or complex sugars.
Starch is an example of a simple carbohydrate.
Starch must be broken down through digestion before your body can use it as an energy source.
Question 3 (2 points)
Saved
Proteins are made up of smaller molecules called
Question 3 options:
starches.
amino acids.
monosaccharides.
protein synthesis.
Question 4 (2 points)
Saved
Choose all of the following statements that correctly explain what essential amino acids are:
Question 4 options:
It is essential that our diet provides these amino acids.
There are 20 essential amino acids.
Peanut butter on wheat bread is an example of a combination of foods that you can mix together to obtain the essential amino acids.
Can be considered as saturated or unsaturated.
Question 5 (1 point)
Saved
Nutritionists measure the amount of energy in food in Calories. According to the article, fats contain the highest number of Calories.
Question 5 options:
True
False
Explanation:
All the bolded ones aqre correct sorry for lateness just finished test.
Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Starch is not an example of simple carbohydrates. Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are 20 essential amino acids.
What are biomolecules?The nearly 30 trillion cells that make up the human body work together to carry out each of the vital processes of life. Numerous chemical compounds found inside the cells enable them to carry out these vital functions. Biomolecules are the name given to these chemical compounds.
Biomolecules come in a broad variety of shapes and sizes and are engaged in a huge variety of biological processes. They are made up of more than 25 naturally occurring elements, with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur serving as the main ones.
Biomolecule production involves carbon compounds significantly. They combine covalently to create a number of different chemicals. When functional groups like alcohols, amines, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic groups are used to replace hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbons, certain biomolecules are referred to be derivatives of hydrocarbons.
Therefore the correct options are 1) A, B, and C; 2) C; 3) B; 4) B.
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When the spine develops an S- or C-shaped curve, this imbalance is referred to as which of the following?a. Lordosis b. Flatback c. Scoliosis d. Kyphosis
Answer:
c. Scoliosis
Explanation:
Scoliosis is a defect which is as a result of the spine being imbalanced and developing into an S- or C-shaped curve.
The spine is usually curved in an uncharacteristic manner and is commonly found in people with cerebral palsy.
Treatment involves surgical operations or the use of braces to fix the spines back to their original positions.
Answer: lordosis
Explanation:
If it’s says ‘when spine curves inward at the lower back...
20. Name a structure that is located toward the dorsal side of the body, lateral and superior to the hamstring but inferior to the heart.
Answer:
The ilium
Explanation:
All of the following occur during exercise in order to maintain blood glucose levels, except ______?a. Sympathetic stimulation causes an increase in insulin secretionb. Sympathetic stimulation causes the release of epinephrine and glucagonc. Epinephrine causes the breakdown of glycogen in muscle cells to glucosed. Epinephrine and sympathetic stimulation increase the breakdown of lipids
Answer:
a. Sympathetic stimulation causes an increase in insulin secretion
Explanation:
During exercise glucose is used up by the body especially muscle cells. This leads to the feeling of tiredness normally experienced.
Sympathetic stimulation causing an increase in insulin secretion doesn’t take place as insulin is used for metabolism of food substances and exercise doesn’t require food intake.
Sympathetic stimulation causes the release of epinephrine and glucagon I order to stimulate more glucose production during exercises.
Epinephrine causes the breakdown of glycogen in muscle cells to glucose is also true.
Epinephrine and sympathetic stimulation increase the breakdown of lipids. The breakdown of lipids aids in the production of energy needed by the body cells.
Anyone know the answer
Name the organelle and say how it is important for active transport. Give examples of cells where many of these organelles are found for active transport.
Answer:
Cell membrane is the most important organ required for the active transportation. Active transportation requires cellular energy to achieve movement. In active transportation molecules move across cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration.Mitochondria, plasma membrane are examples of cells that are found in cell membrane.
Explanation:
Describe how different types of models could be used to research a disease. Make a list of questions you would ask.
Answer:
A disease model is an animal or cells displaying of the pathological process that are observed in the actual human or animal disease.
Answer:
A disease model is an animal or cells displaying of the pathological process that are observed in the actual human or animal disease
Explanation:
please someone help me with this :,,,,,,)
Answer:
PhD pressure into height is eqala to density formula no sure
Answer:
the formula for density is Mass/volume
density is a measure of the amount of mass/matter that is packed into a specific object/volume
Explanation:
In what ways are fats and steroids similar to each other, and in what ways are they different?
Answer:
fats and steroids are both lipids and I are both hydro Hill big fat our store energy from molecules and steroids function as a messenger around the cell membrane
What is the correct order for the application of Koch's postulates? a. Inoculate suspect agent into test subject and observe that subject develops disease of interest b. Isolate and culture suspect agent in the laboratoryc. Find suspect agent in every case of disease of interest but not in healthy hosts d. Recover and isolate suspect agent from the test subject
Answer:
C. Find suspect agent in every case of disease of interest but not in healthy hosts
B. Isolate and culture suspect agent in the laboratory
A. Inoculate suspect agent into test subject and observe that subject develops disease of interest
D. Recover and isolate suspect agent from the test subject
Explanation:
Robert Koch, who was a German microbiologist, formulated an four postulates to show the relationship between a microorganism-causing disease and the disease.
The postulates, which were published by Robert Koch in 1890 are as follows:
1. The microbe (causative agent) must be found in diseased organisms but not in healthy ones.
2. The microbe must be isolated from the diseased organism and cultured i.e. grown
3. The cultured microbe, when inoculated into an healthy organism, must cause the same disease in that organism.
4. The microbe (causative agent) must be isolated again from the inoculated organism and be found to be identical to the previous microbe isolated from the diseased organisms.
Based on this four postulates, the correct order for the application of Koch's postulates will be:
C. Find suspect agent in every case of disease of interest but not in healthy hosts
B. Isolate and culture suspect agent in the laboratory
A. Inoculate suspect agent into test subject and observe that subject develops disease of interest
D. Recover and isolate suspect agent from the test subject
What is carbon? Please write a paragraph, I'll mark u as brainliest
Answer:
HOPE THAT WILL HELP YOU
Answer:
Explanation:
Carbon is a chemical element. It is a non - metal and is solid at room temperature. It exists in many forms like graphite, diamond and graphene. It's symbol is C. It's atomic number is 6. It makes up 0.025 % of the earth's crust. It has 6 protons, neutrons and electrons. Its valency is 4.
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what makes this meal unbalanced
Answer:
The correct answers are:
protein serving is too large
grains are not represented
and the vegetable serving should be larger.
Explanation:
do parasites have cell walls
When electrons transfer from one atom to another both atom become
Answer:
i think protons?
Explanation:
im not to sure, but i t h i n k protons
Can someone write a paragraph explaining Etiolation. PLEASEEEE
Etioliation means that you water plants that are planted in an area with little to no sunlight. This results in weak stems, smaller leaves, yellow color, etc. The seedlings that are grown in the dark are known as "skotomorphogenesis." Etiolation comes from something called "Auxin's" and Auxin's are moved from the top of the plant to the bottom which creates lateral buds. Typically, etiliation results in the chances being raised for the plant to receive sunlight but causes underiable symptoms.
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