What ideas was Hobbes wrestling with? What were his major influences? In what ways did science and religion influence these ideas?

Answers

Answer 1
Thomas Hobbes is rightly regarded as a monumental figure in the history of philosophy, especially for his masterpiece Leviathan (1651 in English; 1668 in Latin). The scholarly literature on Leviathan is voluminous and has been especially focused upon issues in political philosophy, such as representation and authorization, sovereignty and absolutism, contracts and covenants, and the relationship of civil authority to religion, among others. Since its printing the portrayal in Leviathan XIII of humans in their natural state—an existence that is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”—has struck the imagination of many of Hobbes’ readers, leaving many seeing Hobbes as pessimistic at best or hopelessly unrealistic at worst.

In Hobbes’ own time, however, he was also well-known, even if sometimes ridiculed, for his views in mathematics, natural philosophy, and optics. In A Minute or First Draught of the Optiques (1646), Hobbes’ own assessment of his work is laudatory:

…I shall deserve the Reputation of having been the first to lay the ground of two Sciences, this of Opticques, the most curious, and that other of natural Justice, which I have done in my book de Cive, the most profitable of all other. (Hobbes 1646 [1983: 622])

Although some contemporaries saw promise in Hobbes’ optics, such as Mersenne, who published Hobbes’ work in this area in 1644 in Ballistica, in the years following the publication of Leviathan Hobbes’ pursuits apart from political philosophy were taken less seriously. There are a number of possible explanations for this decline in the opinion of Hobbes’ competence in these areas, including his numerous attempts to square the circle, the association of his views with atheism by many critics, and the conflicts he had with Robert Boyle at the time of the rise of experimental philosophy. These all contributed to some extent to Hobbes’ exclusion from the Royal Society when it was founded.

If Hobbes’ mathematical and natural-philosophical endeavors failed to be taken seriously by his contemporaries near the end of his life, what purpose is served by understanding these failed attempts?[1] Apart from interest in them on their own terms as episodes in the history of science and philosophy, there are several reasons why we may find these areas of Hobbes’ thought valuable for study. First, Hobbes himself understood his political philosophy, or as he called it “civil philosophy”, to be a science capable of demonstration. Thus, understanding his general views about the nature of scientific demonstration promises to shed light on the way in which he saw civil philosophy as scientific. Second, Hobbes understood natural-philosophical explanations in physics as needing to make use of mathematical principles to count, as he says, as “true physics”. This may seem like a banal claim to a twenty-first century reader, but it was not so to many in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Hobbes’ natural philosophy thus situates him within the shift from qualitative to quantitative physics. Third, Hobbes’ conflicts with the Royal Society show us not only his views of the role of experimentation but also contextualize the rise of experimentalism. After discussing Hobbes’ criteria for scientific knowledge, this entry will address each of these three areas. Hope this helps! Mark brainly please!

Related Questions

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Answers

Answer:

comparison i think

Explanation:

Contradiction is the answer.

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equivalent is the answer

Answer:

Equivalent

Explanation:

It is equivalent because it is the same but cheaper.

The best definition of the word diction is

A. Style of speaking or writing as dependent Upon choice of words

B. The meaning, or in interpretation of the meaning, of a word, sign, sentence, etc

C. Of the same kind or nature; essentially alike


D. A statement containing an illogical conclusion

Answers

Answer:

The answer is A. Style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words :)

When Manuel's mother says, "I'm fine, Manolo. The girl cleaned the place, and made me some squash soup," Manuel thinks his mother is confused. Why does he think that? Explain.

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Answer:

The reason why manual thought his mom was confused was because before in the passage it said, “His mother regained consciousness, but seemed to have lost much of her memory. She confused Manuel with her husband, and occasionally with her father.” The reason why Manuel came up with this conclusion was because it said, “Manuel was certain that there was no such girl, especially not with such a weird name. He suspected that mother got confused again, mistaking round Mrs. Valdez for a pretty girl. “Sure, Mom,” so he didn’t think that their was a pretty girl.

Answer:

The reason why the manual thought his mom was confused was that before the passage it said, “His mother regained consciousness, but seemed to have lost much of her memory. She confused Manuel with her husband, and occasionally with her father.” The reason why Manuel came up with this conclusion was that it said, “Manuel was certain that there was no such girl, especially not with such a weird name. He suspected that mother got confused again, mistaking round Mrs. Valdez for a pretty girl. “Sure, Mom,” so he didn’t think that there was a pretty girl.

Consider this image. A young teenager casting a ballot in a ballot box. How could this image be used to enhance a multimedia presentation? as an informative tool outlining the timeline for voting in a class election as a persuasive device encouraging students to vote in a school election as an informative tool comparing the candidates in a school election as a persuasive device demanding students research the issues in an election

Answers

Answer:

as a persuasive device encouraging students to vote in a school election

Explanation:

The image of a young teenager casting his votes can serve as an effective way of convincing fellow students to vote in a school election. This image creates a bandwagon effect on the other students because they will have the impression that since their mates could do it, they too can.

The user of such an image in a multimedia message will be successful in convincing young students to cast their ballots using this image. The impressionable youth will be convinced that voting is the right thing to do especially as other youths are doing it.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

if u dont wanna read lol edg 2021

Which of the following best describes O'Brien's purpose in writing "The Lives of the Dead"?
A. To clarify precisely who was to blame for Kiowa's death
B. To write the dead back into existence
C. To clear himself of any responsibility
D. To question the value of war

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Answer:

B. To write the dead back into existence

Explanation:

other possible answer: To resurrect the dead

The____ Amendment protects rights that are not listed i the constitution.

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Answer:

The 9th Amendment

Explanation:

Owl Eyes can't believe that Gatsby's _____ is/are real.
Books, Jewels, Parties, Money​

Answers

Answer: books. In those days it was common to have fake books on your bookshelf to appear richer/more scholarly

Explanation:

Please help me with this​

Answers

Answer: 1: The problem is the unequal balance of good and bad in our society. 2: Yes, because due to an increase in technology, we as humans have found out new ways to nuture and kill are own race. 3: If we can in courage more people to become kindhearted humans, we can soon create an almost perfect society.

Explanation:

The song is about the rise and fall of our civilizations passion of support the weak. If you think about it, we have more technology that could hurt and kill people, but others that can help and revive our new forms of humanity.


1. What do the witches predict in Liii for Macbeth? For Banquo?
-a. Macbeth will remain Thane of Glamis. Banquo will be Thane of Cawdor, neither
will ever be king
-b. Macbeth will be conqueror of Norway, Banquo will be king.
-c. Macbeth will be Thane of Cawdor and eventually the king. Banquo's descendants
will be king, although he will not.
-d. Macbeth will be king. Banquo will be Thane of Glamis and Cawdor

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Answer:

C, Macbeth will be Thane of Cawdor and eventually the king. Banquo's descendants will be king, although he will not.

Explanation:

These are the predictions given to Macbeth at the beginning of the story, how he proceeds with these predictions are not as desirable as he thinks.

Which of the following is evidence that it is an academic text? a) it has subheadings b)it has an introduction c)it has references d)it has a conclusion​

Answers

Answer:

can you help me pleasee please

What would have happened to Romeo and Juliet if they hadn't died? Is their
relationship sustainable over time? Do they have anything to offer each other once
the initial burst of passion calmed down? Would Romeo move on from Juliet as
quickly as he moved on from Rosaline? *

Answers

Answer:no

Explanation: in the story we see that their love can omly by stopped by death and that's what happened . they wouldve have kids and live happily

PLEASE HELP I WILL MARK BRAINLIEST

PLEASE PLEASE

Answers

Answer:

ok

Explanation:o

What the main idea of this paragraph and 2 details to support

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The main idea is the monarch butterflies

Which of these best describes Fred Collins’s internal conflict in the story?

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Answer:

Explanation:  water represents life. heroism not so much about results as it is about the willingness to take risks for the benefit

Which audience does the passage most likely target?
A.
business leaders
B.
students
C. community members
D. politicians

Answers

Answer:

d.) politicians

Explanation:

The passage targets the audience of politicians.

What is passage?

Passage is the portion of a written book.

What is target?

Target means select for attention.

What is audience?

Audience are the listeners.

What is politicians?

Politicians are the person involved in politics.

Hence the correct option is (D).

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which sentence most clearly makes use of personification

Answers

Answer:

i think it's c!

Explanation:

c makes the most sense!

At what age do you think a person is an adult? Why do you think so?

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Answer: I think 16 because that's when most people get to the phase where they better understand the world and do things that they can actually do know.

Explanation:

Which of these factors should be kept in mind when deciding how to write a paper for a specific audience?
Select one:

The grading scale for the paper

The credibility of the paper’s sources and quotations

The knowledge level of those reading the paper

The opinions of people in the community

Answers

Answer: The knowledge level of those reading the paper

Explanation:

When writing a paper, as a writer, it's important for the writer to keep the audience in mind and then tailor the paper written to those particular audience.

Also, the factors that should be kept in mind when deciding how to write a paper for a specific audience is the knowledge level of those reading the paper. This will enable the writer know what to write which they can easily comprehend.

The grading scale of the paper, the opinions of the people and the credibility of the paper sources aren't important when tailoring the paper for a particular audience.


Drag each tile to the correct box.
Later in the lesson, you'll read poems by some of the influential poets of the twentieth century. Look at this list e of vocabulary words. Try to
determine the meaning of the word from the context in which it appears. You may use a dictionary if you cannot determine the meanings from the
contexts.

Answers

Answer:

disorder: tumult

involving a lot of detail work: tedious

advantageous at the moment: politic

destroy entirely: obliterate

willing to take risks: venturesome

offensively insensitive: callous

Explanation:

The following title drag to the correct box.

disorder: tumultinvolving a lot of detail work: tediousadvantageous at the moment: politicdestroy entirely: obliteratewilling to take risks: venturesomeoffensively insensitive: callous

What are 20th-century poems?

Over 280 poets, including W.B. Yeats, Rudyard Kipling, Wilfred Owen, Robert Graves, A.E. Housman, and others, are represented in Twentieth-Century English Poetry.

Screaming and shouting could be heard coming from inside the house. They waited for the commotion to stop. amid a flurry All of a sudden, chaos reigned. It's believed that tumult comes from the Middle French word tremolite, which means "mill hopper" and refers to something that is constantly moving back and forth (ODEE). The word "tremolite" can come from the Latin verb "Tremere," which means "to tremble." Alternative origins include the Latin primordia, meaning "a measure of three pecks."

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Which of the following best explains man vs. nature conflict from the story Jane
Eyre?

Answers

The main conflict in Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, surrounds Jane's attempts to reconcile the world that often has no values to the code of values by which she lives her life. This is most obvious in her relationship with the tormented figure of Mr. Rochester. She wants desperately to help him.

someone please help me

Answers

The answer is B adjectives are describing words so saying she’s kind and gentle is describing her the answer is B

Tayla and Tom inherit R120000from their grandmother.they must divide the money between them in the ratio 2:3how much money wiil each get?
answer

Answers

Answer:

II. Amount of money = R48,000

II. Amount of money = R72,000

Explanation:

Let the amount earned by Tayla be Ta.

Let the amount earned by Tom be T.

Given the following data;

Total amount of money = R120,000

Ratio of Ta to T = 2:3 = 2+3 = 5

To find the value of Ta;

[tex] Ta = \frac {2}{5} * 120000 [/tex]

[tex] Ta = \frac {240000}{5} [/tex]

Tanya, Ta = R48,000

For Tom;

[tex] Ta = \frac {3}{5} * 120000 [/tex]

[tex] Ta = \frac {360000}{5} [/tex]

Tom, T = R72,000

Check: 48000 + 72000 = R120,000


2. The conclusion, which comprises the last paragraph of a paper, provides
O a lesson or moral
O closure
O the main theme
O the plot

Answers

Answer is The main theme

Identify the following sentence as declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory.

We’re late!

declarative

interrogative

exclamatory

Answers

Answer:

Exclamatory

Explanation:

Answer:
Exclamatory

Explanation:

PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!
We must do something about the trash that floats in the Trinity River. It is too unsafe for the city and for the families who visit the river every year. The trash floats to the surface and makes the water unsafe so that nothing can survive in it. Even the animals that live on and near the river need to be saved from the filth. Bits and pieces of the trash invade their homes and cause great harm. No person and no living thing deserve the effects that the trash creates when it is thrown carelessly into the river. It is our duty to clean the water. It is our responsibility to keep what our community holds dear free from harm.


What best describes the tone throughout the passage?

A. amused
B. calm
C. earnest
D. nervous​

Answers

C. Earnest

Earnest-resulting from or showing sincere and intense conviction.

Other terms of eviction is serious, serious minded

10. What is mood? Check only one answer.
a. how the characters feel
how the narrator feels
how the reader feels
how the author feels

Answers

Answer:

A. how a character feels

Explanation:

If the book is about a character then its about how he feels

If its about the authors life then its about how the author feels

Read the following passage carefully and summarize it in ONE sentence.

The truth about pigs is that their reputation for being dull and dirty is undeserved. The pig is actually a curious and intelligent animal. For instance, a pig will not take anything for granted; it will poke, and prod something until it arrives at a conclusion. A pig’s intelligence is so keen that the animal needs to do something only once – such as turn on an automatic drinking fountain – to know how to do it again. Furthermore, pigs are basically no dirtier than any other farm animal. Because pigs don’t sweat, they seek out water in order to cool off. On a farm, the water that a pig finds is usually in a mud puddle. However, the pig would be just as happy splashing in a bathtub since it is water, not dirt that pigs.

Answers

Answer:

Pigs are quite clever animals whose genius are overshadowed by their desire to get dirty; which is highlighted by the fact that they can do something once and learn it.

Explanation:

The best one sentence summary of the given article is given.

A summary is the concise statement about something to make it easy to understand at a glance.

what is " creation science"?​

Answers

The scientific evidence for both creation and evolution leaving out any religious or philosophical arguments.

What is the purpose of background information?

Answers

Answer:

Background information is information given in a non-fiction essay/text that the reader needs in order to understand the overall theme of the text or point the writer is attempting to make. Background information is often provided after the hook, or opening statement that is used to grab the reader's attention.

Explanation:

Answer:

Background information serves the purpose of making readers aware of what is going to be discussed in the essay. It makes readers conscious of the pros and cons of the topic, and readies them to explore it further.

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