A more "accurate" representation of the population from whole has been taken a large sample based on simple random sampling (option D).
The term that is used to denote the "degree of closeness" with which a sample represents a population is the accuracy of the sample. The sample is thought to be more precise when it is a reflection of the population from which it has been drawn.In general, the large sample based on simple random sampling is the best way to select a group of people for a study who are interested in making statements about the larger population. It's one of the most widely used statistical techniques that can provide a more accurate representation of the population.
Simple random sampling is a statistical technique that is commonly used to select a subset of individuals from a larger population. In this method, each person in the population has an equal chance of being selected, and the selection process is entirely random. It's important to note that simple random sampling is only effective when the sample size is large enough to be representative of the population. Therefore, it can be concluded that a large sample based on simple random sampling technique will give a more "accurate" representation of the population from which the sample has been taken. The correct option is D.
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Government have been mandating deductions from both employers and employees to fund various social programs. Discuss the features of these deductions and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis is used by companies to determine the optimal volume of sales and costs to maximize profits. Discuss, using examples, how this would work in a not-for-profit organization.
Why might smaller companies prefer to use techniques such as cash payback and accounting rate of return over discounted cash flow techniques?
The government has been mandating deductions from both employers and employees to fund various social programs. These deductions are usually done in the form of payroll taxes or social security taxes.
There are several features of these deductions, and in this answer, I will explain their advantages and disadvantages. Features of payroll taxes or social security taxesThese deductions are mandatory and non-voluntary. Every employer and employee must pay them, regardless of whether they want to or not. The rates are determined by the government, and they are usually a fixed percentage of the employee's income.
These taxes are collected by the employer, who is responsible for remitting them to the government. The funds are then used to finance various social programs such as healthcare, unemployment insurance, and social security. The Advantages of Payroll TaxesThe main advantage of payroll taxes is that they provide a stable source of funding for social programs.
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one important term that we evaluate in economics is that of scarcity. how does the role of scarcity affect decisions that you have to make?
In economics, the term scarcity is one of the most important. The role of scarcity affects the decisions that we have to make.
Scarcity is a situation in which resources are limited, but human wants are infinite. Because resources are limited, we must make decisions about how to allocate them.
The choices that we make will determine how resources are used and which wants are satisfied.For instance, an individual may have limited funds and must choose between purchasing groceries or new shoes. The decision to purchase groceries may be a necessity as food is needed to survive.
However, the individual may also want to buy new shoes. In this situation, the individual must evaluate the opportunity cost of their decision.
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Suppose you work as an economic analyst in a large research organisation. Monitoring and interpreting macroeconomic data are a routine part of your job. Suppose you are asked to analyse the trends in GDP in several developed and developing countries.
a) Collect and present (in a line-graph format) the annual data for GDP per capita (in constant U.S. dollar) for the USA, Australia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, China, and India for the 1960- 2019 period. Use a graphing tool in Excel or a similar application to create GDP per capita line graphs for all countries in one chart.
N.B. Your chart should display a descriptive title, axis labels, a key and a brief data source below the chart. (e.g. source: World Bank, 2020 and/or OECD, 2020). A good source of reliable international data is the Data Bank of the World Bank: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#.
b) Collect data (from the same source as above) for GDP per capita growth for all the seven countries for 1961-2019. Use these data to compute the average growth rate of GDP per capita for each country. Report average growth rates of GDP per capita for seven countries in a table. Please don’t report growth rates for all the years; we just need the average growth rates over 1961 to 2019 for each country.
c) Based on your answers to (a) and (b), what similarities and differences do you observe in these seven countries? Is there any catch-up effect?
d) India’s GDP per capita remained lower compared to the other six countries. Discuss three reasons why India’s growth rate and GDP per capita might have remained relatively low. Cite appropriate references if you use any data/information to support your answer.
a) Collect and present GDP per capita data from 1960-2019 for the specified countries. b) Analyze similarities/differences, identify catch-up effects, and cite reasons for India's relatively low GDP per capita growth.
a) To gather the yearly Gross domestic product per capita information for the predefined nations and time span and make the line diagrams utilizing a diagramming instrument like Succeed.
b) Comparably, you can gather the information for Gross domestic product per capita development for the seven nations from a similar source and process the typical development rates over the 1961-2019 period for every country.
c) In light of the gathered information, dissect the similitudes and contrasts in Gross domestic product per capita drifts among the nations. Search for designs.
For example, generally speaking development rates, union or difference in Gross domestic product per capita levels, and possible make up for lost time impacts where nations with at first lower Gross domestic product per capita experience higher development rates.
d) Potential explanations behind India's moderately low Gross domestic product per capita development incorporate primary difficulties, pay imbalance, lacking foundation, and restricted admittance to quality instruction and medical care.
It is prescribed to allude to solid sources and concentrates on India's economy to help the investigation and conversation of these reasons.
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An example of globalization's impact on trade barriers is a.) increased border security b.) U.S. Customs law c.) lower tariffs d.) immigration reform
An example of globalization's impact on trade barriers is Option C: lower tariffs.
Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness and integration of economies around the world. One of the impacts of globalization on trade barriers is the reduction of tariffs. Tariffs are taxes or duties imposed on imported goods, and they act as a trade barrier by increasing the cost of foreign products and making them less competitive in domestic markets. With globalization, many countries have entered into trade agreements and negotiations to lower tariffs and promote free trade. This has resulted in the reduction of trade barriers and facilitated the flow of goods across borders, allowing for increased international trade and economic integration.
Option C is the correct answer.
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At the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic the demand for face masks increased markedly around the globe resulting in retailers. In addition, the sales of hand sanitisers, personal protective equipment (PPE) and cleaning and fumigating and similar products swelled across several international markets since the COVID-19 outbreak began in March 2020. According to data released by Grecques Consulting Pty, an international research firm based in the US, face masks sales grew by a year-on-year increase of 400% in April 2020. However, in December of 2020, the price of face masks retraced back to its pre- COVID-19 level. 5.1 (10 marks) With the aid of diagrams, critically evaluate changes in the market type for the face masks industry post the initial COVID-19 shock in March 2020. 5.2 (10 marks) Critically discuss how price elasticity of demand of face masks was affected, including its impact on revenue at the outset of the pandemic relative to the later in that year, when the price of masks returned to its pre- COVID-19 level.
5.1) The face masks industry initially transitioned from a normal market to a seller's market due to increased demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, but later returned to a more competitive market as supply caught up.
5.2) The price elasticity of demand for face masks was initially low, resulting in increased revenue during the peak demand period, but became more elastic when prices returned to pre-pandemic levels, potentially leading to a decrease in revenue.
5.1) Changes in Market Type for the Face Masks Industry:
Initially, the face masks industry experienced a significant increase in demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This surge in demand resulted in shortages and panic buying, leading to a temporary shift in the market type. The market transitioned from a normal market to a seller's market, characterized by scarcity and increased prices.
Diagrammatically, this change can be represented by an upward shift in the demand curve (D1 to D2) due to increased demand, while the supply curve (S) remains relatively stable. The new equilibrium point (E2) reflects a higher price and quantity compared to the pre-pandemic equilibrium (E1).
However, as the pandemic progressed and the production of face masks increased to meet the rising demand, the market gradually returned to a more competitive market type. The supply of face masks caught up with demand, resulting in price stabilization and a return to pre-pandemic price levels.
This transition can be depicted diagrammatically by a downward shift in the demand curve (D2 to D3) as demand decreases or plateaus, while the supply curve (S) remains stable. The new equilibrium point (E3) reflects a lower price and quantity compared to the peak demand period.
5.2) Price Elasticity of Demand and Revenue Impact:
During the initial phase of the pandemic, the price elasticity of demand for face masks was relatively low due to the urgent need and limited substitutes. Consumers were willing to pay higher prices to acquire masks for protection, resulting in inelastic demand.
As a result, the increase in price led to a significant increase in total revenue for face masks manufacturers and retailers. The large year-on-year sales growth of 400% in April 2020 mentioned in the question indicates the substantial revenue impact during the peak demand period.
However, as the market stabilized and supply caught up with demand, the price of face masks returned to pre-pandemic levels. At this stage, the price elasticity of demand became more elastic, as consumers had more options and substitutes available. The impact on revenue would depend on the extent of the decrease in price and the corresponding change in quantity demanded.
Overall, the initial surge in demand for face masks resulted in inelastic demand and increased revenue. As the market stabilized, the price elasticity of demand became more elastic, potentially leading to a decrease in revenue unless volume sales compensated for the lower price.
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municipal dealer b is preparing to publish an advertisement online which will promote the enhanced facilities of your firm in the municipal securities arena. this advertisement must be
A municipal dealer is a securities dealer who focuses on selling securities that are issued by the local or state government and he is preparing to publish an advertisement online. The advertisement should be informative, accurate, and non-deceptive.
When it comes to selling securities, a municipal dealer is a specialized broker-dealer who concentrates on selling municipal securities. In order to promote the enhanced facilities of your firm in the municipal securities arena, Municipal Dealer B is preparing to publish an advertisement online.
This advertisement should not exceed 200 words. It should be compelling, persuasive and designed to attract potential investors. A well-written advertisement should include information about the benefits of investing in municipal securities. It should also highlight the services that are offered by your firm.
When writing this advertisement, Municipal Dealer B should make sure that they comply with the rules and regulations that are set by the SEC. Furthermore, the advertisement should not make false or misleading statements about the securities that are being sold. In summary, a well-written advertisement that highlights the benefits of investing in municipal securities and the services that are offered by your firm can be an effective way to attract potential investors.
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A stock is selling for $37.50 and is expected to pay a dividend of $3 at the end of the year. I investors expect a return of 14%, what must be the sustainable growth rate? a. 4% b. 7% c. 6% d. 5%
The dividend growth rate is 6%. The correct answer is c. 6%.
To determine the dividend growth rate, we can use the formula for the required rate of return:
Required Rate of Return = Dividend Yield + Dividend Growth Rate
Given:
Stock Price = $37.50
Dividend = $3
Required Rate of Return = 14%
Dividend Yield = Dividend / Stock Price
Dividend Yield = $3 / $37.50
Dividend Yield = 0.08
Required Rate of Return = Dividend Yield + Dividend Growth Rate
14% = 0.08 + Dividend Growth Rate
Dividend Growth Rate = 14% - 0.08
Dividend Growth Rate = 0.14 - 0.08
Dividend Growth Rate = 0.06
Therefore, the dividend growth rate is 6%. The correct answer is c. 6%.
The correct question is:
A stock is selling for $37.50 and is expected to pay a dividend of $3 at the end of the year. If investors expect a return of 14%, what is the dividend growth rate?
a. 4% b. 7% c. 6% d. 5%
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why are relations between the united states and china so important for the world as a whole? how does the relationship between the two superpowers affect the global economy? what does it mean for the world from a political standpoint?
The relations between the United States and China are crucial for the world due to several reasons.
Both countries are major global powers, and their interactions significantly impact the global economy, security, and political landscape. The economic relationship between the two superpowers is particularly significant. The United States and China are the world's two largest economies, and their trade and investment ties have far-reaching implications. Any disruptions or conflicts in their relationship can lead to ripple effects on the global economy, affecting markets, supply chains, and employment worldwide.The political dynamics between the United States and China shape the global geopolitical landscape. Their interactions influence the balance of power, regional stability, and international cooperation on critical issues such as climate change, nuclear proliferation, and human rights. Cooperation between these two powers is often necessary to address complex global challenges effectively.The United States and China's relationship also sets the tone for other nations, as their actions and policies can influence the behavior of other countries. Tensions or conflicts between the two powers can create divisions within the international community, leading to the formation of alliances and realignments that may have long-term implications for global politics.The relationship between the United States and China carries significant weight for the world. Their economic interdependence and political interactions shape the global economy, influence international cooperation, and set the stage for other nations, making it essential to foster stable and constructive relations between these two superpowers.For more such questions on Crucial
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An investment offers $3,850 per year for 15 years, with the first payment occurring one year from now. a. If the required return is 6 percent, what is the value of the investment? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. What would the value be if the payments occurred for 40 years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) c. What would the value be if the payments occurred for 75 years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) d. What would the value be if the payments occurred forever? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 32.16.) a. Present value of 15 annual payments b. Present value of 40 annual payments c. Present value of 75 annual payments d. Present value of annual payments forever
a. Present value of 15 annual payments = $40,893.75
b. Present value of 40 annual payments = $78,695.61
c. Present value of 75 annual payments =$109,569.03
d. Present value of annual payments forever = $64,166.67
To calculate the present value of the investment, the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT × [(1 - (1 + r)²(-n)) / r]
Where:
PV = Present value
PMT = Annual payment
r = Required rate of return
n = Number of years
a. Present value of 15 annual payments:
PMT = $3,850
r = 6% = 0.06
n = 15
PV = $3,850 × [(1 - (1 + 0.06)²(-15)) / 0.06]
PV = $40,893.75
b. Present value of 40 annual payments:
PMT = $3,850
r = 6% = 0.06
n = 40
PV = $3,850 × [(1 - (1 + 0.06)²(-40)) / 0.06]
PV ≈ $78,695.61
c. Present value of 75 annual payments:
PMT = $3,850
r = 6% = 0.06
n = 75
PV = $3,850 × [(1 - (1 + 0.06)²(-75)) / 0.06]
PV ≈ $109,569.03
d. Present value of annual payments forever:
A perpetuity, and the formula for the present value of a perpetuity is:
PV = PMT / r
PMT = $3,850
r = 6% = 0.06
PV = $3,850 / 0.06
PV ≈ $64,166.67
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a. Outline THREE (3) factors in favour of self-insurance.
b. Relate THREE (3) factors against self-insurance.
c. Examine the retrospective insurance plan and identify TWO (2) problems associated with it.
The three factors in favour of self insurance are- control over claims, cost savings, and flexibity. Three factors against self insurance are- financial risk, limited protection, and administrative burden.
a. Factors in favour of self-insurance: Self-insurance is a method of risk financing whereby an entity creates a fund to cover unexpected losses. There are several reasons why an organization may choose to self-insure, including:
Control over claims: Self-insuring provides businesses with more control over their claims management. In some cases, self-insured organizations can avoid the costs and bureaucratic procedures associated with purchasing traditional insurance.
Cost savings: When an organization self-insures, it can avoid many of the overhead and administrative costs associated with traditional insurance plans. As a result, businesses can save significant amounts of money over time.
Flexibility: Self-insured organizations can customize their coverage options, tailoring policies to meet the specific needs of their business.
b. Factors against self-insurance: While there are advantages to self-insurance, there are also some disadvantages, including:
Financial risk: Self-insuring can be a risky endeavor for small or under-capitalized businesses. In some cases, unexpected losses can significantly impact the organization's financial stability.
Limited protection: Self-insurance policies may not provide the same level of coverage as traditional insurance plans. This can leave organizations exposed to financial losses in certain scenarios.
Administrative burden: Self-insuring requires a significant amount of administrative effort, which can be a burden for businesses with limited resources.
c. Problems associated with retrospective insurance plans include the following:
Limited control over claims management: Retrospective insurance plans can lead to reduced control over claims management since they rely on insurance companies to handle the claims process.
Cost uncertainty: Retrospective insurance plans can lead to significant cost uncertainty since the final cost of the policy will depend on the actual claims incurred during the policy period. This can make it difficult for businesses to budget for their insurance costs.
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Soon after the payment of the fortieth installment of a loan of $ 200,000.00 in 120 equal monthly installments, at the effective rate equal to 8.70%, you decide to amortize part of the outstanding balance at once, with an additional payment, in order to reduce by ten months the total term, in the same payment system, maintaining the interest rate and the value of the monthly payments.
Calculate the percentage of the initial debt balance that must be amortized in this operation, that is, with this additional payment.
To reduce the total term by ten months while maintaining the interest rate and monthly payments, you need to amortize 5.50% of the initial debt balance.
The first step is to calculate the remaining balance after the fortieth payment. This can be done using the following formula:
Remaining balance =[tex]Principal * (1 - (1 + i)^-n)[/tex]
where:
Principal = $200,000
i = Effective interest rate = 8.70%
n = Number of payments = 120 - 40 = 80
Plugging in these values, we get:
Remaining balance =[tex]$200,000 * (1 - (1 + 0.087)^-80) = $110,048.61[/tex]
The next step is to calculate the monthly payment. This can be done using the following formula:
Monthly payment =[tex]Principal * i * (1 + i)^n / (1 - (1 + i)^-n)[/tex]
Plugging in the values from above, we get:
Monthly payment = [tex]$200,000 * 0.087 * (1 + 0.087)^{120 / (1 - (1 + 0.087)^-120) =[/tex][tex]$1,746.13[/tex]
Now, we need to calculate the number of payments that will be required if the loan is amortized over 110 months. This can be done using the following formula:
Number of payments = ln(1 - (Remaining balance / Principal)) / ln(1 + i)
Plugging in the values from above, we get:
Number of payments = [tex]ln(1 - $110,048.61 / $200,000) / ln(1 + 0.087) = 110[/tex]
So, we need to reduce the number of payments by 10. This means that we need to amortize $110,048.61 / 10 = $11,004.86 in order to reduce the total term by ten months.
The percentage of the initial debt balance that must be amortized is:
Percentage =[tex]$11,004.86 / $200,000 = 5.50%[/tex]
Therefore, you need to amortize 5.50% of the initial debt balance in order to reduce the total term by ten months.
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Your small business is considering purchasing one of two different computers. Computer A costs $820 today and will increase after-tax revenues by $91, $254, and $734 over years 1-3 respectively. Computer B costs $690 today and will increase after-tax revenues by $451, $246, and $89 over years 1-3 respectively. If your firm’s financing rate is 12%, what is the cross over rate between these two computers and which should you choose?
considering a financing rate of 12%, the preferable option would be Computer A.
To find the crossover rate between the two computers, we need to determine the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of the cash flows from each computer is equal. We can calculate the NPV for each computer using the given after-tax revenue figures and the financing rate of 12%.
For Computer A:
NPV_A = -$820 + ($91 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($254 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ($734 / (1 + 0.12)^3)
NPV_A = -$820 + $81.25 + $184.66 + $445.46
NPV_A = $16.37
For Computer B:
NPV_B = -$690 + ($451 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($246 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ($89 / (1 + 0.12)^3)
NPV_B = -$690 + $402.68 + $184.66 + $58.99
NPV_B = -$43.67
To determine the crossover rate, we need to find the discount rate at which NPV_A = NPV_B. Since the NPV of Computer A is positive and the NPV of Computer B is negative, there is a crossover point between the two.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can find that the crossover rate is approximately 5.8%. This means that if the financing rate is below 5.8%, Computer A would be the better choice, and if the financing rate is above 5.8%, Computer B would be the better choice.
Therefore, considering a financing rate of 12%, the preferable option would be Computer A.
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ABM Services paid a $2.15 annual dividend on a day it closed at a price of $94 per share. What
was the yield?
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most top executives began their careers as which type of expert?
Most top executives began their careers as functional or technical experts. They gained specialized knowledge and skills in a particular field, such as marketing, finance, operations, or engineering, before moving up to leadership roles in their organizations.
Functional or technical experts are individuals who possess specialized knowledge and skills in a particular field. They typically have advanced degrees, certifications, and practical experience in their field, making them well-versed in the complexities of their profession. These experts serve as the foundation of their organizations and act as subject matter experts in their respective fields.
They are responsible for analyzing data, identifying trends, making informed decisions, and driving innovation in their organizations. In conclusion, most top executives begin their careers as functional or technical experts and later move up to leadership roles in their organizations.
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The price of tuna is R16 a tin, and the price of two minute noodles is R10 a pack. Gabriella currently receives a marginal utility of 80 from consuming tuna and 50 from consuming noodles. To maximize her utility, Gabriella should: A. not change her consumption. B. buy less tuna and more packs of noodles, because she receives more utility per Rand spent on noodles. C. buy more tuna (and fewer noodles) because she receives more marginal utility from tuna. D. consume only noodles and not buy any tuna, because noodles are better value. E. use all her income to buy tuna, because although it is more expensive it brings her greater utility.
Gabriella should buy less tuna and more packs of noodles, because she receives more utility per Rand spent on noodles. So the correct option is B. buy less tuna and more packs of noodles, because she receives more utility per Rand spent on noodles.
The Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility is a law that states that the marginal utility of each additional unit of a good consumed decreases as the total number of units consumed increases. Gabriella gets more marginal utility from consuming a single unit of tuna than she does from consuming a single pack of noodles.
The total utility Gabriella receives from consuming more than one unit of tuna decreases because of the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility.Gabriella can maximize her utility by buying fewer units of tuna and more packs of noodles since the marginal utility per Rand spent on noodles is higher. It means that by spending the same amount of money on noodles as on tuna, Gabriella can receive more marginal utility.
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Sunland Manufacturing incurs unit costs of $7.00 ($5.00 variable
and $2.00 fixed) in making a sub-assembly part for its finished
product. A supplier offers to make 16,700 of the parts for $5.60
per un
Based on the cost analysis, it would be advantageous for Sunland Manufacturing to accept the supplier's offer of producing 16,700 sub-assembly parts for $5.60 per unit.
To determine whether Sunland Manufacturing should make or buy the sub-assembly parts, we need to compare the costs of producing them in-house versus purchasing them from the supplier.
In-house production cost:
Variable cost per unit: $5.00
Fixed cost per unit: $2.00
Total cost per unit: $5.00 + $2.00 = $7.00
Supplier's offer:
Cost per unit: $5.60
Quantity offered: 16,700 units
To calculate the total cost of the supplier's offer, we multiply the cost per unit by the quantity offered:
Total cost from the supplier: $5.60 * 16,700 = $93,520
Comparing the total cost from the supplier with the in-house production cost, we can make the following analysis:
Total cost from the supplier: $93,520
Total cost of in-house production: $7.00 * 16,700 = $116,900
Since the total cost from the supplier, $93,520, is lower than the total cost of in-house production, $116,900, it would be more cost-effective for Sunland Manufacturing to buy the sub-assembly parts from the supplier rather than producing them in-house.
By choosing the supplier's offer, Sunland Manufacturing can save $116,900 - $93,520 = $23,380 in total costs.
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Which of the following are characteristics of a premium bond?
I. coupon rate < yield-to-maturity
II. coupon rate > yield-to-maturity
III. coupon rate < current yield
IV. coupon rate > current yield
a) I only
b) I and III only
c) I and IV only
d) II and III only
e) II and IV only
The following are the characteristics of a premium bond are coupon rate > yield-to-maturity and coupon rate > current yield.
The option (E) is correct.
II. coupon rate > yield-to-maturity: A superior security has a coupon rate that is higher than its respect development. This implies that the security is estimated at a higher cost than expected over its presumptive worth, bringing about a lower successful yield for financial backers.
IV. coupon rate > current yield: The ongoing yield of a security is determined by separating the yearly premium installment (coupon) from the ongoing business sector cost of the security. On account of exceptional security, the market cost is higher than the presumptive worth, which prompts a lower current yield contrasted with the coupon rate.
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The preferred ethical path is to take a course of action that avoids casting doubt on one's decisions. Verifiability ensures that information is complete, neutral and free from error. A characteristic of liabilities is their capacity to reduce future assets.
The preferred ethical path is to take a course of action that avoids casting doubt on one's decisions. Verifiability ensures that information is complete, neutral and free from error. A characteristic of liabilities is their capacity to reduce future assets.The preferred ethical path in decision-making is to take a course of action that does not give rise to any doubts. An ethical decision-maker should always focus on making decisions that are based on facts and are not influenced by personal bias or any other form of manipulation.
Furthermore, ethical decision-makers should always maintain confidentiality to ensure that sensitive information is not exposed to unauthorized parties. Verifiability, on the other hand, is critical in ensuring that information is complete, neutral and free from error. When information is verifiable, it can be confirmed and validated by third parties, which helps to minimize the chances of errors. Verifiable information is critical in decision-making as it enables decision-makers to rely on facts, rather than assumptions.A characteristic of liabilities is their capacity to reduce future assets. Liabilities refer to obligations that a company owes to third parties. These obligations can arise from borrowing or purchasing goods and services on credit. A company's liabilities have the capacity to reduce future assets, such as cash reserves, as they must be paid off at some point. As such, it is important for companies to manage their liabilities effectively to minimize their impact on future assets. Effective liability management involves balancing the amount of debt owed with the company's ability to pay it back while still maintaining adequate cash reserves.
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(50%) Consider a duopoly market with two firms. The market inverse demand function is p = 100 – 2Q, where Q = q₁ +q2 is the sum of the two firms' output. The cost functions of the two firms are TC₁ = C₁q₁ and TC₂ = C₂q2. - (A) (15%) Derive the two firms reaction functions. How does q₁ respond (increases or decrease) to a change in q2? (B) (15%) Find the Cournot-Nash equilibrium outputs of the two firms, q1 and q2, as functions of cost. (C) (10%) In part (B), how does firm 1's equilibrium output level (q1) change with c₁ (increasing or decreasing)? How does it change with c₂? (D) (10%) Suppose now the firms have a fixed cost, F. The cost functions become TC₁ = F + C₁q₁ and TC₂ = F + C₂q2. Derive the reaction functions of the two firms. How does q₁ respond (increases or decrease) to a change in F?
The total output of the two firms is Q = q₁ + q₂ The inverse demand function of the market is p = 100 – 2Q.
The revenue for the firm i is given byRi = pi × qi= (100 – 2Q) qi= (100 – 2q₁ – 2q₂) q_i So the profit of the firms isπ₁ = TR₁ – TC₁= [p(Q) q₁] – TC₁= (100 – 2q₁ – 2q₂) q₁ – C₁q₁= (100 – 2Q) q₁ – C₁q₁ – 2q₁q₂= (100 – C₁ – 2q₂) q₁ – 2q₁q₂So, the first order condition for profit maximization for firm 1 can be written as∂π₁/∂q₁ = 0= (100 – C₁ – 2q₂) – 4q₁= (100 – C₁ – 2q₂)/4 – q₁/4Therefore, the reaction function for firm 1 isq₁ = (100 – C₁ – 2q₂)/4Part B: (15%) Find the Cournot-equilibrium outputs of the two firms, q1 and q2, as functions of cost.
the Cournot-Nash equilibrium, substitute the reaction function of firm 1 in the reaction function of firm 2 and solve for q2:q₂ = (100 – C₂ – 2q₁)/4= (100 – C₂ – 2(100 – C₁ – 2q₂)/4)/4Simplifying,4q₂ = (100 – C₂)/3 – (2C₁)/3 – (4/3)q₂Rearranging,10q₂/3 = 100/3 – C₁/3 – C₂/3The Cournot-Nash equilibrium can be obtained by substituting this value of q₂ in either of the reaction functions.
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which of these is not a social or economic goal of the US economy
What are the social or economic goals? Is there options?
Edit: The answer is A
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Conducting an effective performance appraisal meeting is always easier if the rater begins the meeting with a criticism of the employee and moves forward from there. is always easier if the rate limits the number of opportunities the employee has to speak. is facilitated if the rater has empathy for the employee. is easier if they rater completes the performance appraisal form as he talks to the employee during the actual performance appraisal meeting.
Answer:
is facilitated if the rater has empathy for the employee.
Explanation:
A performance evaluation is a tool of the HR department used in organizations with the objective of evaluating how an employee or a team conducts their work, how their actions affect positively or negatively in the achievement of organizational objectives and goals, that is, it is a way of analyzing whether a collaborator's work meets the company's expectations.
Therefore, there are some issues that can hinder this evaluation, such as some existing bias due to some situation, which may cause the performance evaluation to not be fully consistent with reality.
So when the appraiser has empathy for the employee, the assessment is facilitated, as there is greater understanding and search for solutions for the employee to develop and improve situations that were not so positive in the assessment.
For the year just ended (at t=0), Central Georgia Bank (CGB) had net income per share of $6.55 and paid an annual dividend of $4.25 per share. Analysts expect earnings and dividends to grow at 6.70% per year for the foreseeable future. Assume that investors expect a rate of return of 12.00% on CGB stock. Using the constant growth model, what should be the current price of this stock? [Enter your answer with two decimal places. Do not enter a dollar sign ($). For example, enter as: 135.33]
Based on the above, the current price of CGB stock should be about $80.19.
What is the current price?To calculate the current price of Central Georgia Bank (CGB) stock using the constant growth model, we need to use the formula:
Stock Price = Dividend per Share/ Required Rate of Return − Growth Rate
Also written as:
P = D / (r - g)
Where"
Net income per share = $6.55Dividend per share = $4.25Dividend growth rate = 6.70%Required rate of return = 12.00%So, to calculate the current price of CGB stock:
D = $4.25 (dividend per share)r = 12.00% (required rate of return)g = 6.70% (growth rate of dividends)P = $4.25 / (0.12 - 0.067)
P ≈ $4.25 / 0.053
P ≈ $80.19
Therefore, the current price of CGB stock should be about $80.19.
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You are given the following information about a consumer’s choices of product X and product Y: the price of X is 2 PLN, the price of Y is o, the consumer has I=100 PLN to spend and the consumer’s utility function is given by U(x,y) = 2*x^(2/3) + y^(2/3).
a. Derive an expression for the consumers demand for X and Y in terms of px, py and I and calculate the consumer’s optimal bundle at the current prices and income.
b. Now the price of a X drops to $1. By how much does the demand for X change?
c. Under the new prices, what level of income would allow the consumer to buy his old optimal bundle?
d. Calculate the change in demand for xylophones due to the income effect and the change in demand for xylophones due to the substitution effect.
The level of income that would allow the consumer to buy his old optimal bundle is 100 PLN. d)
Let, P x = price of X; P y = price of Y; x = units of good X; y= units of good Y;U(x, y) = 2*x^(2/3) + y^(2/3);ΔI = Change in income level;ΔPx = Change in price of good X. At new price Px' = $1 and income level I' = 100 PLN. The total effect of the change in price can be divided into two parts. Substitution effect: The substitution effect is the effect on the quantity demanded of good X due to the change in the relative price of the good X to good Y.ΔxS = (dx/d P x)S*ΔPx; where (dx/dPx)S is the substitution effect. The quantity demanded of good X increases as its price decreases, i.e., (dx/d P x)S > 0.Income effect: The income effect is the effect on the quantity demanded of good X due to the change in the consumer's purchasing power.ΔxI = (dx/dI)I*ΔI/Px; where (dx/dI)I is the income effect. The quantity demanded of good X increases as the income increases, i.e., (dx/dI)I > 0.The total effect is the sum of substitution and income effects i.e., Δx = ΔxS + ΔxI.
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A hotel's F&B department will host a banquet for 100 guests. The guests are to be charged $75.00 per person for food and $35.00 per person for alcoholic beverages. The service charge for the event will be 20%. What is the amount of food and beverage income (revenue) that will result from hosting this event? a. $13,200 b. $11,000
c. $8,400 d. $16,300
When a hotel's F&B department is going to host a banquet for 100 guests, and the guests are charged $75.00 per person for food and $35.00 per person for alcoholic beverages, the service charge for the event will be 20%. Let's calculate the amount of food and beverage income (revenue) that will result from hosting this event.
So, First, we will calculate the amount of income from the food and beverages sold:$75.00 × 100 guests = $7,500.00 for food$35.00 × 100 guests = $3,500.00 for alcoholic beverages. Then, calculate the total amount of income received before service charge:
Total income from food and beverages = $7,500.00 + $3,500.00 = $11,000.00To find out the amount of income received after the service charge, we will calculate 20% of the total income:20% of $11,000.00 = $2,200.00Now, we will add the service charge to the total income:
Total income + Service charge = $11,000.00 + $2,200.00 = $13,200.00Therefore, the amount of food and beverage income (revenue) that will result from hosting this event is $13,200.
Thus, the option (a) is correct. I hope this helps! More about the F&B department: Food and Beverage (F&B) department is responsible for the management of food service and drinks in hospitality organizations, which includes hotels, pubs, lounges, and eateries. The F&B department is vital for a hotel since it significantly contributes to the success of the hotel. F&B department’s objective is to provide high-quality food and drinks to the guests and customers of the hotel.
Additionally, the department is also responsible for planning and organizing events, including buffets, banquets, and conferences. The department oversees the procurement of raw materials and the preparation and delivery of food and beverages to customers.
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What is a critical rule about scale to remember when visualizing data?
Select an answer:
Line charts and bar charts should handle scale exactly the same way
Set the scales based on the data minimum and maximum values
Scales should be consistent across charts in a project
Use round numbers
The critical rule about scale to remember when visualizing data is "Set the scales based on the data minimum and maximum values."
It is essential to set the scales of the visualization based on the range of the data being presented. This ensures that the data is accurately represented and avoids distorting or misleading the audience. By setting the scales based on the data's minimum and maximum values, we maintain the integrity of the visualization and provide a clear representation of the data.
The other options listed are not universally applicable rules for scale in data visualization. While using round numbers or ensuring consistency across charts in a project may be helpful in some cases, they are not fundamental principles like setting the scales based on the data's actual range. Additionally, line charts and bar charts may require different scale handling depending on the specific characteristics of the data being visualized.
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Explain the legal system in British Columbia / Canada and link
with the Starbucks company.
The legal system in British Columbia, Canada operates within the framework of Canadian law, which is based on common law principles. It consists of federal and provincial laws, statutes, and regulations that govern various aspects of civil and criminal matters.
British Columbia has its own provincial court system, which includes trial courts, appellate courts, and the highest court in the province, the British Columbia Court of Appeal.
As for the connection with Starbucks, being a multinational company, Starbucks operates in British Columbia and is subject to the legal system and regulations of the province and the country as a whole. This includes compliance with labor laws, taxation regulations, consumer protection laws, and other relevant legislation that govern business operations.
Starbucks, like any other company operating in British Columbia, must adhere to employment standards, health and safety regulations, and fair business practices outlined in the legal framework. In case of legal disputes or conflicts, Starbucks would be subject to the jurisdiction of the British Columbia courts and would need to follow the established legal processes and procedures.
For more detailed and specific information on the legal system in British Columbia and its connection with Starbucks, it is recommended to refer to legal resources, official government websites, and consult legal professionals familiar with Canadian and British Columbia law.
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The Fields Company has two manufacturing departments, forming and painting. The company uses the weighted-average method of process costing. At the beginning of the month, the forming department has 28,000 units in inventory, 70% complete as to materials and 30% complete as to conversion costs. The beginning inventory cost of $67,100 consisted of $49,000 of direct materials costs and $18,100 of conversion costs.
During the month, the forming department started 370,000 units. At the end of the month, the forming department had 40,000 units in ending inventory, 85% complete as to materials and 45% complete as to conversion. Units completed in the forming department are transferred to the painting department.
Cost information for the forming department is as follows:
Beginning work in process inventory $ 67,100
Direct materials added during the month 1,440,600
Conversion added during the month 997,100
1. Calculate the equivalent units of production for the forming department.
Direct Materials
Conversion
2. Calculate the costs per equivalent unit of production for the forming department.
Direct Materials per EUP
Conversion per EUP
3. Using the weighted-average method, assign costs to the forming department’s output—specifically, its units transferred to painting and its ending work in process inventory.
Cost Assignment and Reconciliation
Cost of units transferred out EUP Cost per EUP Total cost
Direct materials 361,000
Conversion 361,000
Total costs transferred out
Costs of ending work in process EUP Cost per EUP Total cost
Direct materials $0.00 0.00
Conversion $0.00 0.00
Total cost of ending work in process
Total costs assigned
1. Equivalent units of production for the forming department Direct materials = Beginning inventory + Direct materials added during the month.
= 28,000 + 1,440,600 = 1,468,600Conversion
= Beginning inventory + Conversion added during the month
= 28,000 + 997,100
= 1,025,100Equivalent units of production
= Units completed and transferred out + Ending inventory * Percentage of completion
= (1,370,000) + (40,000 * 85%) = 1,701,000Direct materials
= (1,370,000) + (40,000 * 85%)
= 1,701,000Conversion = (1,370,000) + (40,000 * 45%) = 1,388,000Therefore, equivalent units of production for the forming department are:Direct materials
= 1,701,000Conversion
= 1,388,0002.
Costs per equivalent unit of production for the forming department Direct Materials Cost per EUP
= Total direct materials cost / Equivalent units of production
= $1,489,600 / 1,701,000
= $0.8752Conversion Cost per EUP = Total conversion cost /Total costs transferred out$2,197,910Costs of ending work in processEUPCost per EUPTotal costDirect.
materials40,000$0.8752$35,008Conversion40,000$0.7311$29,244Total cost of ending work in process$64,252Total costs assigned
= Total cost of ending work in process + Total costs transferred out
= $64,252 + $2,197,910 = $2,262,162Therefore, the total costs assigned to the forming department’s output are $2,262,162.4
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3. What makes an audit evidence persuasive? When collecting
persuasive audit evidence, who are we trying to persuade? Give an
example of audit evidence that is relevant but not
reliable.
Audit evidence is considered persuasive based on its relevance and reliability. The following factors contribute to the persuasiveness of audit evidence:
Independence and objectivity: Audit evidence from sources that are independent and objective is generally more persuasive.
Appropriateness: The extent to which the audit evidence aligns with the audit objective and provides sufficient support for the audit conclusions.
Sufficiency: The quantity of audit evidence obtained should be sufficient to form a reasonable basis for the auditor's opinion.
Consistency: Audit evidence that is consistent across different sources and corroborates other evidence increases its persuasiveness.
Source reliability: Audit evidence from reliable and credible sources is more persuasive than evidence from sources that lack credibility.
When collecting persuasive audit evidence, auditors are primarily trying to persuade themselves, the audit team, and other relevant stakeholders (e.g., shareholders, regulators, and financial statement users) of the reliability of the financial statements and the accuracy of the audit opinion. Persuasive audit evidence helps auditors form a professional judgment and provide assurance on the financial statements.
An example of audit evidence that is relevant but not reliable could be oral representations from management regarding a specific financial transaction. While the information may be relevant to the audit, it may lack reliability because it is not supported by documentary evidence or corroborating sources. Oral representations can be subjective and prone to misinterpretation or manipulation, making them less reliable compared to written documentation or objective data.
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eBook Problem Walk-Through A firm's bonds have a maturity of 14 years with a $1,000 face value, have an 11% semiannual coupon, are callable in 7 years at $1,232.25, and currently sell at a price of $1,398.53. What are their nominal yield to maturity and their nominal yield to call? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.
YTM: 6.64 % (check)
YTC:
The nominal yield to maturity (YTM) and the nominal yield to call (YTC) for a firm's bonds with a maturity of 14 years and the given details can be calculated as follows:
NOMINAL YIELD TO MATURITY(YTM)Nominal Yield to Maturity is the annual rate of return that an investor can earn on a bond if they hold it until its maturity and the issuer of the bond does not default on its payment.
It is also called the coupon rate. The YTM for the given bonds can be calculated as follows:
Given,
Face value of bond = $1000
Semiannual coupon rate = 11%
Maturity of bond = 14 years
Callable in 7 years at $1,232.25
Bond price = $1,398.53
To calculate YTM, we need to find the yield rate that makes the present value of the bond's cash flows equal to the current bond price. i.e. 1398.53 = (55/1+r) + (55/1+r)^2 + ... + (55+1000/1+r)^28
Where,r = Yield Rate Solving the above equation using Excel sheet or any financial calculator,
we get Yield Rate, YTM = 6.64%
NOMINAL YIELD TO CALL(YTC)Nominal Yield to Call is the annual rate of return that an investor can earn on a bond if it is called before its maturity. It is also called call yield.
The YTC for the given bonds can be calculated as follows:
Given,
Call price = $1,232.25To calculate YTC, we need to find the yield rate that makes the present value of the bond's cash flows equal to the call price (i.e. $1232.25) when the bond is called at the end of 7 years.
i.e. 1232.25 = (55/1+r) + (55/1+r)^2 + ... + (55+1000/1+r)^14 for n=7
Where,r = Yield Rate Solving the above equation using Excel sheet or any financial calculator, we get Yield Rate, YTC = 7.69%
Therefore, the Nominal Yield to Maturity (YTM) and the Nominal Yield to Call (YTC) are 6.64% and 7.69% respectively.
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Which of the following is NOT considered a best practice in application design, security and control. 2 pt O Using a negative security model O Applying defense-in-depth O Using a positive security mod
The option that is NOT considered a best practice in application design, security, and control is: O Using a positive security model
It is not regarded as best practise to use a positive security paradigm, where all access is permitted by default and only expressly mentioned rights are removed or restricted. This strategy increases the risk of unauthorized access because it makes the assumption that everything is acceptable unless specifically prohibited.
The best practises for improving application design, security, and control, on the other hand, include using a negative security model (where access is specifically listed and all other access is excluded by default), implementing defense-in-depth (using multiple layers of security measures), and running with the least privilege (granting only the minimal privileges required to complete tasks).
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