Identify all statements that accurately describe the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. E2 contains three domains. The complex contains multiple copies of each of three enzymes. A regulatory kinase and phosphatase are part of the mammalian PDH complex. The core of the complex is made up of several copies of E1 . Several copies each of E1 and E3 surround E2 .
Answer: The statements that correctly describe the structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex are:
--> E2 contains three domains.
--> A regulatory kinase and phosphatase are part of the mammalian PDH complex.
--> Several copies each of E1 and E3 surround E2 .
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins that speeds up a metabolic reaction by lowering the amount of energy needed to start the reaction. The type of enzyme in a cell will determine the metabolic processes that will occur in it.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which is located at the mitochondria matrix, is a group of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of pyruvate, which is the end product of glycolysis, to form acetyl-CoA. The product formed from the reaction which is acetyl-CoA in turn enters the citric acid cycle where it is further oxidized for cellular respiration.
The structure of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex consists of:
--> Three catalytic enzymes: These include;
• E1: This is the first enzyme of the PDH complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase. It catalyzes the removal of one carbon atom from pyruvate which leads to the production of hydrohyethyl.
• E2: This is the second enzyme of PDH complex called dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase. It catalyzes the transfer of hydroxyethyl group to oxidized form of covalently bound lipoamide, and the resulting acetyl group is then transferred to free coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA and reduced dihydrolipoamide. Several copies each of E1 and E3 surround E2 and it consist of three DOMAINS. These domains include: N-terminal 9 kDa lipoyl domain, 4 kDa peripheral subunit-binding domain and C-terminal 28 kDa catalytic (acetyltransferase) domain.
• E3: This is the third and last enzyme of PDH complex called the flavoprotein dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. It re-oxidizes the lipoyl group of dihydrolipoamide-E2 to form lipoamide-E2 and NADH.
--> Two regulatory enzymes: The activities of E1 which is the rate limiting step of PDH complex regulated by phosphatases (activators) and kinases (inhibitors).
--> A binding protein: these aids in the binding of E2 to E3 enzyme in the core of PDH complex.
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If a Florida plant such as an orange or banana tree were grown in a northern state, what special care would it need to survive?
----------------------
A. extra water
B. direct sunlight
C. fertilizer in the soil
D. warm temperatures
If plant such as an orange or banana tree were grown in a northern state climate, they would require warmer temperatures to survive:
what kind of climate does banana and orange grow in?Bananas, which are essentially tropical crops, thrive in temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 degrees Celsius and relative humidity levels of 75 to 85%. It may thrive in humid tropical lowlands such as Florida.Oranges thrive in all frost-free tropical and sub-tropical climates.the northern states of America have a comparitively cool and dry climate which may not be suitable for bananas and oranges.hence, to grow these in northern states, these crops require warmer tempratures and humidity.
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Which of these is a parasite, A) Venus Fly trap B) Corpse flower C) Corpse Lily D) Grass
Answer:
Corspe Flower
Explanation:
option b.
I hope this helps
Answer:
c) corpse lily
40 Even a tiny amount of moisture can support the life of mosses, which are nonvascular
plants. Why are mosses good pioneer species?
F. They grow very slowly.
G. They can survive in wet areas.
it. They can create a layer of soil on bare rock over time.
I. They can survive in areas that receive low levels of sunlight.
If a plant cell and its surroundings are isotonic)
there is no net movement of water into the cell:
the cell becomes
Answer:
Flaccid
Explanation:
The cell wall provides no advantages when a plant cell is immersed in a hypertonic solution. As the plant cell loses water, its volume shrinks.
Events that take place in a biome are shown in the diagram below.
What information is represented in the diagram?
A
Respiration and photosynthesis are connected.
B
Transpiration is related to the nitrogen level in bacteria.
C
Predators and their prey are involved in many interactions.
D
Decomposers release a material that is utilized by other organisms.
Answer:
D - Decomposers release a material that is utilized by other organisms.
Explanation:
The cycle represented is the nitrogen cycle. In it bacteria of decay will break down or decompose plant and animal remains and wastes.
The information represented in the diagram is that decomposers release a material that is utilized by other organisms. So, the correct option is D.
What do you mean by Biome?A Biome may be defined as a very large area that is characterized by a particular type of vegetation.
The diagram represented here defines the nitrogen cycling in the atmosphere. Decomposers convert the dead and decaying organic matter into inorganic ones which are easily consumable for the plants.
Decomposers directly do not release any material but they convert the material into a specific form which is then utilized by other organisms.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is D.
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Look at the food web shown above.
Which organisms get energy from consumers?
Describe what happens to DNA during the S stage of interphase.
Why fission, regeneration and fragmentation, all are considered as methods of asexual reproduction ?
➜ Fission (binary and multiple), regeneration and fragmentation are considered as methods of asexual reproduction because all of them involve only one parent and gametes are not formed in them. New individuals produced after cell division are always genetically identical or clone to their parents.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a pre-zygotic barrier?
behavioral isolation
hybrid sterility
habitat isolation,
mechanical isolation
Answer:
isolating mechanisms The reproductive characteristics which prevent species from fusing. Individuals mate in their preferred habitat, and therefore do not meet individuals of other Genomic incompatibility, hybrid inevitability or sterility. show that there is little behavioural, mechanical, or post-mating isolation
Explanation:
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How do circulatory system and immune system work together to respond to an injury
Meiosis is a type of cell division that is specific to
Meiosis is a type of cell division that is specific to germ cells (gamete cells).
What is Meiosis?Meiosis may be defined as a type of cell division in which each parental cell is divided into four daughter cells. Each daughter cells are genetically unique to the parental cell and are haploid in nature.
Gamete cells are typically divided by this mechanism of cell division. This is because when toe distinctive gamete cells from male and female are fused together, the resultant zygote will have the entire set of genetic material.
The gamete cells significantly have half the amount of genetic content. Due to this, it is also known as reductional division.
Therefore, meiosis is a type of cell division that is specific to germ cells (gamete cells).
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The wings of butterflies and birds are ----------- structures because, although they are used for the same purpose (flight) they have very different structural compositions. Bird wings are made of bones and feathers while butterfly wings are made from chitin and are part of the insect’s exoskeleton.
A) homologous
B) analogous
C) vestigial
Bird wings are made of bones and feathers while butterfly wings are made from chitin and are part of the insect’s exoskeleton.
B. They are analogous structures because they share the same function, but not fully the same structural characteristics.
What are examples of analogous?Analogous Structures are:
Bird, Insect and Bat Wings. Duck and Platypus Bills.Thus, option "B" is correct answer.
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A balloon holds 50.0 mL of nitrogen at 25° C and a pressure of 736 mm Hg. According to Boyle's Law, answer the following questions for 2 points each: What will be the effect on the pressure inside the balloon if the volume is decreased to 25 mL? Explain how this would demonstrate Boyle's Law. Explain Boyle's Law in terms of the kinetic energy of molecule
Answer:
The correct answer is - would be double which is 1472 mm Hg.
Explanation:
According to Boyle's law that says the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas at constant pressure shows an inverse relationship which means if volume will increase then pressure will be decrease and vice versa.
P1V1 = P2V2 .........Boyle's law
Given: P1 = 736 mm Hg
V1 = 50 mL
P2 = ?
V2 = 25 mL
Solution:
from the Boyle's law
(P1V1)/V2 = P2
736×50/25 = P2
P2 = 1472
So the decreasing the volume to half increases the pressure double. It proves it follows Boyle's law
article about guimaras oil spill discussing the effect of hazards and how do people survive in this kind of situation.
Answer:
It harms marine birds and animals.
Explanation:
Oil spills are harmful to marine birds and mammals as well as fish and shellfish because this oil makes their movement difficult as well as suffocation problem. People can survive in this kind of situation by removing the oil as much as possible. The oil can't mix with the water due to difference of nature so it can be easily removed from the water. This oil spell affect the environment as well as financial condition of people who are related fish industry because fish population negatively affected.
Decay product of Potassium-40
Answer:
calcium-40
Explanation:
reference table
how many human blood types are there? summarize how blood type is inherited
Explanation:
There are 4 main blood groups (types of blood) – A, B, AB and O. Your blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents. Each group can be either RhD positive or RhD negative, which means in total there are 8 blood groups.
3.) How do you know when the first day of the menstrual cycle is? What happens?
4.) What is the function of FSH?
Answer:
3.) How do you know when the first day of the menstrual cycle is? What happens?
A.) first day of menstrual bleeding is considered Day 1 of the cycle.
4.) What is the function of FSH?
A.) FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.
-TheUnknownScientist
Answer: 3. Day 1 of your cycle is the first day of your period, meaning the first day of full flow (spotting doesn't count). During this time, the uterus sheds its lining from the previous cycle. Between days 1 – 5 of your cycle, new follicles (sacs of fluid containing eggs) begin to develop within your ovaries. 4. FSH plays an important role in sexual development and functioning. In women, FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries. FSH levels in women change throughout the menstrual cycle, with the highest levels happening just before an egg is released by the ovary.
Explanation:
Which of the following is an example of genetic discrimination?
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Select all benefits of using a wiki for business.
inexpensive
accessible twenty-four hours per day and seven days per week
online conversation
quick and easy editing
document sharing
Answer:
All of the above
Explanation:
Answer:
Inexpensive, accessible twenty four hours per day and seven days per week, and document sharing
Explanation:
I got it right on the quiz.
Which factors affect natural selection?
Answer:
1)variation organsimes (within populations) exibit invidiual variation in appearence and behaviour
Explanation:
2) high rate of population growth
3) differential survival and reproduction
Rainforests are habitats for many plants and animals. However, habitat fragmentation is occurring because of human activity. When a rainforest is fragmented, a large area is divided into small patches that are isolated from each other. Species living in these patches are more likely to become extinct as a result of overcrowding and competition.
Which of the following is the best way to minimize the effects of habitat fragmentation on the biodiversity of a rainforest ecosystem?
A.
constructing boundaries and fences around each habitat patch
B.
building natural green pathways across the original habitat to join all the patches together
C.
building concrete roads across the original habitat to join all of the patches together
D.
introducing new species that compete with the existing species in each habitat patch
Building natural green pathways across the original habitat to join all the patches together. Option B
What is rain forest?A rainforest is characterized by towering, largely evergreen trees and heavy rainfall. Some rainforests have existed in their current form for at least 70 million years, making them the oldest existing ecosystems on Earth.
Hence we can see that the best way to minimize the effects of habitat fragmentation on the biodiversity of a rainforest ecosystem is building natural green pathways across the original habitat to join all the patches together.
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A group of researchers has made the claim that one particular butterfly species is the sole pollinator of a tree species and that consequently, the decline of the butterfly population will endanger the survival of the tree species. Data were collected and are summarized below. Which of the following data could best be used to either justify or refute the claim the researchers have made about the interdependence of the butterfly species and the trees?
Tree flower size Number of butterfly visits per flower per day Nectar energy per pollination visit (joules) Fruits per flower
Small 1 10 0.88
Medium 9 12 0.79
Large 55 13 0.85
a. The data comparing the fruits produced per flower with the number of butterfly visits are most useful in refuting the claim, because they show that the tree produces fruit even if the butterfly does not visit the flowers.
b. The data collected for large flowers are most useful in justifying the claim, because they show that a large number of butterflies visit flowers of this tree species, obtain energy from nectar, and cause fruit production.
c. The data comparing the number of butterfly visits with the size of the tree flowers are most useful in refuting the claim, because they show that the butterfly does not visit all types of tree flowers.
d. The data showing the nectar energy available for all sizes of flowers are most useful in justifying the claim, because they show that butterflies benefit from the relationship with the tree by obtaining energy from tree nectar.
Answer:
The correct answer is - A. The data comparing the fruits produced per flower with the number of butterfly visits are most useful in refuting the claim, because they show that the tree produces fruit even if the butterfly does not visit the flowers.
Explanation:
In this experiment, the table shows that specific butterflies did not go to small flower trees or go once a day where is in medium and large flower trees respectively they visit more than small flowers.
Even after not visiting small flower trees the nectar energy and the fruit production is almost similar to the other two trees. This case can occur only in one case if there are one or more pollinators present in this scenario other than this type of specific butterflies.
Thus, the correct answer is - option A.
What caused the human population to grow so quickly so fast?
the Industrial Revolution
O discovery of fire
the end of World War II
because the level of chlidren born per day stay at the high level it increases day per day
Fish in flowing water tend to face:
O Downstream
O No particular direction
Ο Ο Ο
O Perpendicular to the current
Upstream
Answer: Upstream
Explanation:
The diagram below represents some stages in the life cycle of humans. The numbers in the diagram represent various processes in the cycle.
Identify the process(es) represented by 1 and 2. State how these processes (1 and 2) affect the amount of genetic information provided by a parent to its offspring.
Answer:
The diagram below represents some stages in the life cycle of humans. The numbers in the diagram represent various processes in the cycle.
1. "The processes reduce the amount of genetic information from each parent by half."
During sexual reproduction, a specialized cell division process called meiosis occurs. Meiosis involves two consecutive divisions, resulting in the production of four haploid cells (gametes) from a diploid cell.
2. "Each parent only contributes half of the genetic information that is contained in his or her own cells."
As mentioned earlier, meiosis results in the formation of haploid gametes. Each gamete contains only one set of chromosomes, which is half the number found in the parent's diploid cells.
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up, and genetic recombination occurs between them, shuffling and exchanging genetic information.
3. "Each egg (or each sperm) will carry only half of the genetic information contained in the parent's body cells."
This statement reiterates that gametes (eggs or sperm) are haploid cells containing only one set of chromosomes. When a cell undergoes meiosis to produce gametes, it divides twice, resulting in four cells with half the genetic information of the parent's body cells.
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Name 1 body system (NOT the digestive
system) that your "fave" food can
impact.
How does your "fave" food impact the
body system you selected?
(Hint: These are the body systems we will
be learning about- Excretory, Nervous,
Muscular, Circulatory & Respiratory. You
can also include Integumentary & Skeletal
My favorite food is Buffalo Wings
Answer:
I'll use your favorite food.
Explanation:
Buffalo wings have protein since they have meat. Protein helps the body build muscle, so it impacts the muscular system.
How are the outputs (Carbon dioxide water and energy) of respiration used
Answer:
During the process of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product.
This carbon dioxide can be used by photosynthesizing cells to form new carbohydrates.
Also in the process of cellular respiration, oxygen gas is required to serve as an acceptor of electrons.
i need help with my biology hw i will try to add a image
Explanation:
First,click the pic and when you start for your question click on the option for adding image.
Answer:
so, where is the questions........
3. In most cells,
directs the production of a
which then enters a ribosome. The
molecule of
ribosome produces the final product,
Retroviruses do the opposite. They use the enzyme reverse
transcriptase to use a template of
to produce
Answer:
In most cells, DNA directs the production of a molecule of mRNA which then enters a ribosome. The ribosome produces the final product, a protein. Retroviruses do the opposite. They use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to use a template of mRNA to produce DNA.
Explanation:
The central dogma of molecular biology describes how a cell uses its genetic information to synthesize a protein. The first step called 'transcription' consists of using an RNA polymerase enzyme and a fragment of DNA (i.e., gene) as a template to synthesize an RNA molecule, usually a messenger RNA (mRNA). Subsequently, the genetic code in the mRNA sequence is read by the ribosomes in order to produce a protein, a process known as 'translation'. Retroviruses are viruses that have the ability to integrate into the host genome by using a reverse transcriptase enzyme that allows reverse transcription of mRNA to complementary DNA, which then integrates into the host's genome.
The correct options in the blanks are DNA, mRNA, Protein, mRNA, and DNA respectively.
What is gene expression?It is the process by which cells produce protein from DNA molecules. DNA produces RNA which contains codes to produce amino acids.
The mRNA enters the ribosome which produced protein using the codons of mRNA.
Retroviruses have special machinery to produce the DNA from mRNA.
Therefore, the correct options in the blanks are DNA, mRNA, Protein, mRNA, and DNA respectively.
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